“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

1“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句请同学们先看下面的高考题：1.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich2.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what3.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection______shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich4.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom【点拨】●“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。如：1)Doyouknowthegirltowhomourteacherwastalking?=Doyouknowthegirl(that/who/whom)ourteacherwastalkingto?2)Theschool(that/which)mybrotheroncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichmybrotheroncestudiedisveryfamous.2.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof，payattentionto,lookforwardto等。2Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词,表示先行词的一部分或全部。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.二．介词的选择1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Eg:Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2.根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：Eg:1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.Cwasfounded.4.根据从句的意义来确定介词。Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tplaycomputergames,brokedownyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。5.whose可转换为“of+关系代词”型。Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.●listento,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,lookat等固定短语，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。如：ThisistheoldladywhomHaroldhastakencareof.●“介词+关系代词”前有some，any，none，neither，both，all，most，each，few等代词或者数词时，可构成由“名词（代词、数词）+of+which/whom”来引导的定语从句。如：Therearethirtystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefromvillages.现在，我们再来看一看这几道高考题。第一题中，名词degree常和介词to搭配使用，表示“到……程度”故选B。第二题中先行词effects和floods是所属关系，故选B，从而构成了介词+whose引导的定语从句。第三题中动词come常和from连用，表示“从……地方来”，故选D。第四题是属于“名词（代词、数词）+of+which/whom”结构来引导的定语从句，故选D。3【高考链接】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_____hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis2.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(2005广东卷)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that3.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,______wegavesomebellsandglasses.(2006湖南卷)A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich4.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which5.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how【小试】一、根据句子意思，在下列句子的第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个空白处填入关系代词whom或which。1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowistheheadmasterthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingismine.3.Hillary,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4.Thetwothings________________IwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6.Thestoriesaboutthecivilwar,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.二、选用适当的关系代词(who,which,whose,that)或关系副词(when,where,why)填空。7.Doyouknowanyone________knowsaboutthehistoryofthepyramids?8.WehavevisitedtheMuseumofChineseHistory,________ChairmanMao’slifeanddeedsarebeingshown.9.We’llneverforgettheday________myfriendscametoseemeinhospital.10.Thisistheman________sondiedinthewar.11.Idon’tknowthereason________shedidn’tagreetoourstudyplan.【高考链接】1.B2.A3.B4.B5.B【小试】1.towhom2.withwhich3.withwhom4.aboutwhich5.inwhich6.ofwhich7-11.who;where;when;whose;why