《当代语言学》期末考试

《当代语言学》期末考试试题Pleasegiveyouranswerstothefollowingquestionsinaseparatedanswersheetprovidedbytheexaminer.1.DoyouthinkthefollowingwordsarepermissibleinEnglish?Why?5%a)tprayb)btryc)tgharg2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenopen-classwordsandclosed-classwords?5%3.WhatrolecanEnglishinflectionplayintheexpressionofmeaning?5%4.Drawthetreediagramsforthefollowingsentences:10%(1)ShefoundabookonMadisonStreet.(2)JackadvisedHenrytoseethedentist.(3)JackpromisedHenrytoseethedoctor.5.Whatisthedifferencebetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaning?5%6.Whatistheuseofmetaphorinverbalcommunication?5%7.Ineachcasebelowdecidewhichmaximofthecooperativeprinciplehasbeenfloutedandwhatimplicaturemightbedrawn.15%1)A:WheredoesMissRoseberylive?B:Somewhereinthesuburbsofthecity.2)A:I'moutofpetrol.B:Thereisagarageroundthecorner.3)A:HowdoyouthinkofCathy'ssinging?B:Well,shehasproducedaseriesofsoundsthatcorrespondcloselywiththescoreofHomesweethome.4)Teacher:(towardstheendofalecture)Whattimeisitnow?Student:It's10:44and35.6seconds.5)A:Doyouwantsomecoffee?B:Coffeewouldmakemeawake.8.TheNewinformationineachofthefollowingutterancesisbold-typed.PleaseuseadifferentsentencestructureforeachsothattheNewinformationcanbehighlighted.10%1)Heowedthetailortwentydollars.2)Theimpossiblehasoftenprovedpossible.3)Wehaveoralpracticeeveryotherday.4)Wedidn'tleavetheflatuntilwecouldsmellthesmokeinthecorridor.5)Thefootballmatchwascancelledbecauseoftherain.9.Whatisaregionaldialect?Andwhatistherelationshipbetweenaregionaldialectandastandarddialect?5%10.Doyouagreetotheclaimthatalllanguagesintheworldderivedfromonecommonancestor?5%11.Pleaseexplaintheprimacyofhumanlanguageoveranimalcommunication.10%12.Thefollowingaresomequestionstakenfromsometestpapers.Decidewhichtypeoftesttheybelongto:(a)thediscretepointtest,(b)integrativetest,and(c)thecommunicativetest.10%Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1).BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,we_________herefortwodays.A.havebeenstayingB.havestayedC.shallstayD.willhavestayed2)Directions:Inthissection,youwill,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforthegeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfromS1toS7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.ForblanksnumberedS8toS10youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Ifyouareacollegestudent,mostofyourconcernsaboutyourhealthandhappinessinlifeareprobably(S1)__________onthepresent.Basically,youwanttofeelgoodphysically,mentally,and(S2)__________now.Youprobablydon'tspendmuchtimeworryingaboutthe(S3)__________,suchaswhetheryouwilldevelopheartdisease,or(S4)__________,howyouwilltakecareofyourselfinyour(S5)__________years,orhowyouaregoingtolive.13.Whatdoyouthinkarethestrongpointsanddrawbacksofeachofthefollowingtypesoftest:(a)theachievementtest,(b)theproficiencytest,(c)theaptitudetest,(d)thediagnosistest,(e)thesubjectivetest,and(f)theobjectivetest.10%参考答案1.ThesewordsarenotpermissibleinEnglish.Alllanguageshaveconstraintsonthepermittedsequencesofphonemes.*tpray,*btry,*tghargdonotsoundlikeanEnglishwordbecauseitdoesnotconformtotherestrictionsonthesequencingofphonemes.Whenthreeconsonantsoccur,thefirstmustbe[s].2.Open-classwordsrefertothoseclassesofwordstowhichwecanaddnewwords.InEnglish,nouns,notionalverbs,adjectivesandadverbsbelongtothiscategory.Suchwordsnormallyconveycertainsemanticcontentsandthusarealsocalledcontentwords.Closed-classwordsrefertothoseclassestowhichnewwordscanhardlybeadded.InEnglish,closed-classwordsincludepronouns,determiners,conjunctions,relatives,prepositions,auxiliaryverbs,modalverbsandthelinkingverbtobe.Theirrolesinthelinguisticsystemarepartlyorwhollygrammaticalandthusarealsocalledgrammaticalwords.3.Inflectionreferstotheprocessofaddinganaffixtoawordorchangingitinsomeotherwayaccordingtothegrammaticalrulesofthelanguage.Englishinflectionsareusedtoexpresscertaingrammaticalmeanings:thepluralmorpheme{s}tochangethenounintotheplural-numberform,thegenerative-casemorpheme{'s}toindicatetherelationofpossession,thefeminine-gendermorpheme{ess}tochangethemasculinenounintoitscorrespondingfeminine-genderform,thethird-personsingular{s}tochangetheverbintothethird-personsingularform,the-ingparticiple{ing}tochangetheverbintothe-ingparticiple,thepast-formmorpheme{ed}tochangetheverbintothepast-tenseform,thepast-participlemorpheme{ed}tochangetheverbintothe-ingparticiple,thecomparative{er}tochangeanadjectiveintothecomparative-degreeform,andthesuperlative{est}tochangeanadjectiveintothesuperlative-degreeform.4.1)(a)(b)2)3)5.Sentencemeaningreferstotheconventionalcontentorliteralmeaningofasentence.Itisthecontext-independentmeaning.Utterancemeaningreferstothemeaningofanutteranceinthecontext.Inotherwords,itis