利用污水资源生产微藻生物柴油的关键技术及潜力分析

2010,19(3):[e-mail]508258012007BAC22B021963E-mail:[e-mail]*2010-01-18*//10008421397tX703A1674-5906201003-0739-06214064[1][2]21[3][4-5][6-10][11-15][16][16]CO2Triacylglycerols,TAG[9]1CO2[17]70%[6]123[18-20]CO2[21-22]“”[11]水+无机营养盐（有机物）微藻培养系统分离浓缩浓藻液油脂提取酯交换反应生物柴油1Fig.1Singlesystemofbiodieselproductionbasedonmicroalgae7401932010321233O2CO2CO2oilcake[23]1A2O23“”“”“”“”“”[24][16,25]生活污水二级出水微藻培养系统藻分离清水2Fig.2Singlesystemofnitrogenandphosphorusremovalbasedonmicroalgae生活污水一级处理曝气池二沉池微藻光生物反应器膜分离清水富含CO2的空气富含O2的空气热电厂废气（高CO2浓度）分离收获浓藻液油脂提取油脂（TAG）油渣酯交换反应生物柴油厌氧发酵CH4,H2肥料回流3Fig.3Couplingsystemofadvancedtreatmentofwastewaterandbiodieselproduction741ChlorellavuglarisBotryococcusbraunii[26-27]Li[25]LX1Scenedesmussp.LX1114LX14(a)4(b)[28]0.3~0.5g·L-15g·L-1300~400g·L-1100~1000——[24]//[35]/[36][37][37][36][37]Lardon[37]Lifecycleassessment,LCA00.020.040.060.080.10.120.14Scenedesmussp.LX1ChlorellavuglarisChlorellasorokinianaSchizochytriumsp.DunaliellaprimolectaSpirulinaplatensisPhaeodactytuumericornutumIsochorysissp.NitzschiahantzschianaCyclotellahebeianaBotryococcusbraunii1049Botryococcusbraunii763N.D.N.D.N.D.N.D.N.D.MicroalgalBiomass(g·L-1,dryweight)0510152025303540Scenedesmussp.LX1ChlorellavuglarisChlorellasorokinianaSchizochytriumsp.Lipidcontent(%,dryweight)Scenedesmussp.LX1ChlorellavuglarisChlorellasorokinianaSchizochytriumsp.4LX111[25]Fig.4ComparisonofgrowthandlipidaccumulationpropertiesofScenedesmussp.LX1andother11speciesofhigh-lipid-contentmicroalgaeinsecondaryeffluent[25]Table1Harvestmethodsofmicroalgae50%~80%[29]pH[30-32]20~30mg·L-199%[29][33]0.3kWh·L-195%[34]/[7](a)(b)742193201031MJ1.66MJ2.23MJ4++++90%70%[37][37]C106H263O110N16P8~16t·hm-2·a-155~111[23][37]Bruno[23]40%2008330tBOD5TNTP200408mg·L-1BOD590%BOD5180mg·L-1A2OBOD5NP=100519mg·L-11.8mg·L-131mg·L-16.2mg·L-1TAG397t[1]VASUDEVANPT,BRIGGSM.Biodieselproduction-currentstateoftheartandchallenges[J].JournalofIndustrialMicrobiology&Bio-technology,2008,35:421-430.Table2Analysisofenergybalanceforproducing1MJofbiodieselbytheproductionmodeofwetextractionbyhexaneandlow-Ncultivation/MJ1MJ1.662.231MJ1.23MJ0.57Table3Parametersforestimatingtheproductivitypotentialofcouplingsystemofadvancedtreatmentofwastewaterandbiodieselproduction2008330tBOD5200mg·L-1TN40mg·L-115mg·L-1TP8mg·L-13mg·L-1BOD5NPBOD5NP10051BOD5180mg·L-1N9mg·L-1P1.8mg·L-1TN31mg·L-1TP6.2mg·L-1C106H263O110N16P1621t35%567tTAGTAG70%397tTAG11397t743[2]GROOMMJ,GRAYEM,TOWNSENDPA.Biofuelsandbiodiver-sity:principlesforcreatingbetterpoliciesforbiofuelproduction[J].ConservationBiology,2008,22(3):602-609.[3],,,.[M].:,2008:1-3.HUHongying,WEIDongbin,WANGLisha,etal.GuidelinesforWa-terReuse[M].Beijing:ChemicalIndustryPublisher,2008:1-3.[4],,,.[J].,2007,23(2):39-42.SHENHuan,HUHongying,WEIYongbao,etal.Designofcon-structedwetlandforwaterqualitypurificationofartificialscenicwaterbody[J].ChinaWater&Wastewater,2007,23(2):39-42.[5],,.[C]//2008.2008:464-470.SUNYingxue,HUHongying,WANGRongxin.Techniquesforwaterqualitycontrolandmanagementofreclaimedwaterusedinscenicwaters[C]//SymposiumforPollutionControlandEcologicalRestora-tionTechniquesofWaterEnvironmentsinChina.2008:464-470.[6]BEHZADIS,FARIDMM.Review:examiningtheuseofdifferentfeedstockfortheproductionofbiodiesel[J].Asia-PacificJournalofChemicalEngineering,2007,2:480-486.[7]CHISTIY.Biodieselfrommicroalgae[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2007,25:294-306.[8]PALLIGARNAIT,VASUDEVAN,MICHAELB.Biodieselproduc-tion-currentstateoftheartandchallenges[J].JournalofIndustrialMi-crobiology&Biotechnology,2008,35:421-430.[9]PEERM,SCHENK,SKYER,etal.Secondgenerationbiofuels:high-efficiencymicroalgaeforbiodieselproduction[J].BioEnergyResearch,2008,1:20-43.[10],,.LED/LX1[J].,2010,31(2):244-250.LIXin,HUHongying,YANGJia.EffectofLED’sred/bluelightonthegrowthcharacteristicandlipidproductionofScenedesmussp.LX1[J].EnvironmentalScience,2010,31(2):244-250.[11]ASLANS,KAPDANIK.Batchkineticsofnitrogenandphosphorusremovalfromsyntheticwastewaterbyalgae[J].EcologicalEngineer-ing,2006,28:64-70.[12]GARCIAJ,GREENB,OSWALDW.Longtermdiurnalvariationsincontaminantremovalinhighratepondstreatingurbanwastewater[J].BioresourceTechnology,2006,97:1709-1715.[13]HILTONJ,O’HAREM,MICHAELJ,etal.Howgreenismyriver?Anewparadigmofeutrophicationinrivers[J].ScienceofTotalEnvi-ronment365,2006:66-83.[14]LIXin,HUHongying,GANKe,etal.GrowthandnutrientremovalpropertiesofafreshwatermicroalgaScenedesmussp.LX1underdif-ferentkindsofnitrogensources[J].EcologicalEngineering,2009,ac-cepted.[15],,.LX1[C]//2008.2008:936-948.LIXin,HUHongying,GANKe.StudyontheinfluenceofnitrogenonthegrowthandN,Premovalpropertiesoflow-nutrient-demandingScenedesmusdimorphusLX1[C]//SymposiumforPollutionControlandEcologicalRestorationTechniquesofWaterEnvironmentsinChina.2008:936-948.[16],,.[J].,2009,18(3):1122-1127.HUHongying,LIXin,YANGJia.Couplingofwastewaterdeeppuri-ficationandhighqualitybiomassproductionbasedonmicroalgaecul-tivation[J].EcologyandEnvironment,2009,18(3):1122-1127.[17]ZHANGY,DUBEMA,MCLEANDD,etal.Biodie