unit4讲稿21世纪第二册

大学英语二讲稿-１-21stCenturyCollegeEnglish(BookII)Unit4TurningFailureintoSuccessPartI(1t-2dperiod)I.Warm-upactivitiesProcedure:1.HaveSsdivideintogroupsoffourorsix;2.Havethemaskeachotherwhetherthey’veexperiencedanyfailuresorsuccessesintheirlivesanddiscusshowonecanturnfailureintosuccess;3.Putthefollowingquestionsontheboardfortheirreference.Questions:1.Doyouthinkit’sshamefultotalkaboutyourownfailures?2.Whatdoyoucountasafailureinaperson’slife?3.Canyourecallanyparticularfailureyourownthatupsetyouverymuch?4.Whateffectdidthatfailurehaveonyou?5.Whatdoyouthinkofitnow?6.Whatdoyoucountasasuccessinaperson’slife?Whathasbeenthemostsignificantsuccessinyourlife?Why?7.Whatpricedidyoupayforyoursuccess?8.Whatifyoufailedagain?II.Backgroundinformation1.FredelleMaynard(1922-1989)FredelleMaynardreceivedherM.A.(English)fromtheUniversityofTorontoin1944,andherPh.D.(EnglishLiterature)fromRadcliffeCollege(HarvardUniversity)in1947.Maynardbeganpublishingmagazinearticlesinthe1950sthatdealtwithissuessuchashealth,children,education,marriage,andfamily.Shebecameanotedexpertonchildcareandwaswell-receivedasapublicspeaker.Inthemid1970s,MaynardmovedtoToronto,Ontario,whereshecontinuedtopublishbothmagazinearticlesandbooks.In1985,shepublishedTheChildCareCrisis,andin1988herfinalbook,TheTreeofLife,waspublished.Maynardwasalsoapopularhostoftwotelevisionshowonparenting.Maynardwasdiagnosedwithbraincancerin1989.ShediedonOctober3,1989.2.Hayakawa(1906-1992)SamuelIchiyeHayakawawasascholar,universitypresidentandU.S.senatorfromCalifornia(1977-1983).Heisbestknownforhispopularwritingsonsemantics(thestudyofmeaningsofwordsandsentences)andforhiscareeraspresidentofSanFranciscoStateCollege(nowSanFranciscoStateUniversity).Hisbook,LanguageinAction(1941),wasapopulartreatmentofsemantictheories.3.GPAGradepointaverage(GPA)isanumberthatrepresentstheaverageofastudent’sgradesduringhisorhertimeataninstitution.Usuallyitisweightedbynumberofcreditsgivenforthecourse.MosthighschoolsandnearlyallcollegesintheUnited大学英语二讲稿-２-Statesusea“four-point”system,wherenumericalvaluesareappliedtogradesasfollows:A=4B=3C=2D=1F=0FF/G(ofgiven)=-1Thisallowsgradestobeeasilyaveraged.Additionally,manyschoolsadd.3fora“+”gradeandsubtract.3fora“-”grade.Thus,aB+yieldsa3.3whereasanA-yieldsa3.7.A+’s,ifgiven,areusuallyassignedavalueof4.0(equivalenttoanA)duetothecommonassumptionthata4.00isthebestpossiblegrade-pointaverage,although4.3isawardedatsomeinstitutions.Insomeplaces,3.3insteadof.3isaddedfora“+”gradeandsubtractedfora“-”grade.4.Emerson,RalphWaldo(1803-1882)RalphWaldoEmersonwasanAmericanessayistandpoetnotedforhisskillinpresentinghisideaseloquentlyandinpoeticlanguage.Hisfirstpublishedbook,Nature(1836)hascometoberegardedasEmerson’smostoriginalandsignificantwork,offeringtheessenceofhisphilosophyoftranscendentalism.OtherimportantworksofEmersonincludeEssays(1841and1844)andTheConductofLife(1860).5.Sayingsaboutsuccessandfailure*Trynottobecomeamanofsuccess,butrathertrytobecomeamanofvalue.--AlbertEinstein*Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,doitlikeyourmothertoldyou.--AuthorUnknown*Eightypercentofsuccessisshowingup.--WoodyAllen*Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.--WinstonChurchill*Ifyou'redoingyourbest,youwon'thaveanytimetoworryaboutfailure.*Failureisanevent,neveraperson.--WilliamD.Brown*Theonlytimeyoudon'tfailisthelasttimeyoutryanything-anditworks.*Ihavenotfailed.I'vejustfound10,000waysthatwon'twork.--ThomasEdison*Afailureestablishesonlythis,thatourdeterminationtosucceedwasnotstrongenough.-Boyee*Failureisthetuitionyoupayforsuccess.–WalterBrunell*Failuredoesnotcount.Ifyouacceptthis,you'llbesuccessful.Whatcausesmostpeopletofailisthatafteronefailure,they'llstoptrying.–FrankBurford*Ihavenotfailed.I'vejustfound10,000waysthatwon'twork.–ThomasA.Edison大学英语二讲稿-３-*Failureismorefrequentlyfromwantofenergythanwantofcapital.-DanielWebsterIII.LanguagePoints1.performvt./vi.1)todoanactionoractivitythatusuallyrequirestrainingorskillThedoctorhadtoperformsurgeryimmediately.Ateamofsixscientistsperformed[=carriedout]theexperiment.Hehasbeenunabletoperform[=complete,fulfill]hisdutiessincetheaccident.Themagicianperformedsomeamazingtricks.Youcan'texpectmetoperformmiracles.[=todosomethingthatisimpossible]2)toentertainanaudiencebysinging,acting,etc.She'sawonderfulsingerwholovestoperformbeforealiveaudience.Thebandwillperformsongsfromtheirnewalbum.Heperformed[=acted]thepart/roleofOthello.[=heplayedOthello;hesaidthewordsanddidtheactionsofthecharacterOthello]3)usedtodescribehoweffectiveorsuccessfulsomeoneorsomethingisThestockmarketisperformingwell/badly.Theengine/computerwasperformingpoorly.Iperformbestunderpressure.performancen.carrying,actingout,playingmusicHeisexcellentinthe~ofhisduties.His~ofHamletwasverygood.performern.thepersonwhoact,play,practiceandcarryout【词义辨析】perform,conduct,do,execute,fulfill这些动词均含“做、执行、实施、完成”之意。perform:指完成困难较大、较复杂的任务，较正式用词。conduct:和perform都比较正式，意义相近，但conduct含指导、领导或监督之意do:最普通常用词，指完成某项具体工作、任务，也指完成某种行为或动作。execute:指需专门技术、熟练技巧去完成某种复杂的任务或表演等，也指用行动把计划或打算付诸实施或执行某项命令。fulfil:指履行和实现所许诺的、所期望或要求的事情，含最终完成的