土壤腐殖物质形成转化及其微生物学机理研究进展[1]

,198112198412()(),19892,,Pedosphere,,,12,,Org.Geochem.13111,1X(,130118):(HS),,()()()HS,HS,HS:;;;;:S153;S154:A:100025684(2008)0420538210ReviewofFormationandTransformationofSoilHumicSubstanceandItsMicrobiologicMechanismDOUSen(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalScience,JilinAgriculturalUniversity,Changchun130118,China)X:(40271069,40471076),(20040193002):20082052122008,30(4):[e-mail]'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(HS)isimportantforcarbonsequestration,andmicrobeissupposedtobethemainworker,whichisalsothecoreissueofcarbonsequestrationmechanism.Thisar2ticleattemptedtoproposetherelationshipsbetweenformationandcompositionofHS,microbialcomposi2tionandaggregatecomposition,andtheeffectofdifferentdrivingfactorsonmicrobeandHSscon2stituentsthroughreviewingtheresearchaboutsoilaggregates(hardsites),soilenvironmentalfactors(softsites),aswellasthefunctionthatmicrobeitself(transformer)playedontheformation,transfor2mationandstabilityofHS.Keywords:humicsubstance;formationandtransformation;microbiologicmechanism;micro2aggregate;drivingfactor(Soilorganicmatter,SOM),,,,SOM[122]SOM,SOMCO2()[3],,,CO2,(HS)[426],HS,,;[7]1830BerzeliusHS,200,HS,,HS,,,,[2]SOM,HS,HS,HS,HS1(SOC)SOM[8],CO2CH4,SOC[9211]SOC15002000Gt,450650Gt730Gt,[12]SOM[13217],[425],,;,,,,[18]2HSHSHS,,,,HAFA,HM,HS[19220],HS(),,HSLaatschSchefferFlaigKononova,[21]HS,FAHAHSHS,[19],(lgK)(RF)(B/A)[(K0-K14)/K0]E4/E6,,935:JournalofJilinAgriculturalUniversity'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(C/HC/NO/C)(2920cm-11720cm-11620cm-1)(emex)(285)(DTADTG)(13C-NMR1H-NMR15N-NMR)(SEMTEM),HSHS[19,22225]3HSHAFAHS,,7:-()[2,26227],;;;-,HS,:HS?[28230];[31233]HS,HAFA,HA,HAFA;FA,FAHA(HA);[34]:(1)HA,FA;HA,FA,HAFA,FAHA,(2)MollicVit2randeptHAFAHM,301,HS2HS(3),,;,HS;,,[35]Duchaufour2:,,HS3[36]C/N,,,HSHA/FA;FA;HA,[37],,,HA/FA;,24hHAFAHA,FAHA,[38]HMHAFA,,Waks2man,HM[31];,HMHA,[39],[34]4()HS,,250m(macro2aggregates,MA)(micro2aggre2gates,MI)2[40],,[41],?(,),,;,,[7],,[42],04520088JournalofJilinAgriculturalUniversity2008,August'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[43245]HA,,[46],HAFA3.76.7[47]HS[48]HS[49253],HA,[54],,[55263]Bongiovanni[49],(2502000m)(53250m)HAFA[7],HAFA5HSPiccoloHAHM[62]HMSOM,35030minHS,HM[63];HA,FAHM[6];HM/(HA+FA)()[64],HSHMHAFA[2,65],HA,HSHAHM6mol/LHClSOM,(282045)2495(245545),HAHM1554%3055%[66]HSHSFAHMHA;HAHM[67]13C,[68271],C3C4(0.423),HA,HM[72];050mHSHAHMFA[69]13CSOMHS,,HAFAC4-CC3-C,,FAHA,,FAHA;,HAFA,[38],[73]6HSHS[34,74277],HS[37,78]HS,()[79280]HS[81]6.1(),(Secondarybiomass)()2,(FA),(HAHM)[82]Grass[83]Koukol[84]Veronika[85]HA,,Phanerochaetechrisospori2um[23,86]Trametes(Coriolus)[87288],Nematolomafrowardii[62]PycnoporuscinnabarinusPolyporuscil2iatus[89]HS;,HA[83](Nematolomafrowardii)14CO2HA[90]40,HS[91292](Laccase),,HS[93](Penicilliumochro2chloron)HS[94],HA[95296](Penicilliumsp.P6),HA(WS),[97298]13C2NMRFT-IR145:JournalofJilinAgriculturalUniversity'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[98]6.2HA[83];(Azotobacterchroococum)HS[27];1182,HAFA[99];,HS[100]6.3HA[101];(Acti2nomycetesmelanogenic)HS[102],[82]6.4,,HSHS[1032104],,HS[1052106],HS,[1072108]Paul[109],,HS,HSHS,HS[103,1102111]HS,HS[112],HS[113],,HS[112],HS[1132116]7HSHS,,HS,,,,[117],HS,HS[1182124],HS[117],HS7.1,HSVolkov2intser[125]Anderson[126][127]Martin[128],FA,HA[119](HA),HABanerjee[129],HA,FA[117],,,FAHA[8]Jenn2ShingChen[130]137Cs,,HA,HA;[131],20%,HA70%90%HA,HA7.2[119]HAHAGrisietal[132],(HA/FA)JannaPietik[133]45230CHS,,230CHS,pH1.17.3Fujitake[122],pH(513),HAC/HO/HHA[134],,HA[1352137];24520088JournalofJilinAgriculturalUniversity2008,August'1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1382142],HA,FA[124]Bada,HA[143],,,HA;,,FAHA[117]7.4O2CO2HS,Paul[109],,Nissenbaum[144],25,HA/FAO2CO2[65][145],CO2,CO2HA[146]O2CO2HM,O2CO2HMi/HMc(I/C:);,(HMi+HMc)/HM(:),CO28HS,,HS,HS,?HS()?()()HS,HSHSHS:[1]SingerMJ,MunnsDN.Soils,anIntroduction[M].4thed.NewJersey:Prentice2Hall,Inc,1999:1250.[2].[M]11:,2001:322461[3]Serzane,MKJ,UseofHumicSubstancesinRemediationofCon2taminatedEnvironments1BioremediationofContaminatedSoils[M]1NewJersey:Prentice2Hall,Inc1,2000:21722361[4]HayesMHB,Humicsubstances:progresstowardsmorerealisticconceptsofstructures[M]DaviesG,GhabourEA1HumicSub2stances:Structures,PropertiesandUses1Cambridge:RoyalSocietyofChemistry,1998:12271[5]ZavarzinaAG,LeontievskyAA,GolovlevaLA,etal.Biotrans2formationofhumicacidsbybluelacceseofPanustigrinus8/18:aninvitrostudy[J]1SoilBiology&Biochemistry,2004,36:35923691[6]SpacciniR,PiccoloA,ConteP,etal1Increasedsoilorganiccar2bonsequestrationthroughhydrophobicprotectionbyhumicsub2stances[J]1SoilBiology&Biochemistry12002,34:1838218511[7]1[D]1:,19891[8]KogutBM.Transformationofhumusstatusincultivatedcher2nozems[J]1E