satOG2官方作文

OG2ThoughAmericahassufferedthroughtimesofmassiveeconomicdistresswheregovernmentintervention(介入，调停，妨碍)wasnecessaryinmaintainingthepeople’sspirit,Americawasfoundedbyindividualsattownmeetings,behindtheirploughs,orinpeacefulpetition请愿书.Intoday’srelativelystablesociety,peopleshouldfeelempowered允许授权tomakechangesandsolveproblemsbecausecountlessreformsbeganatthegrassroots草根level.Ifpeopleneedinspirationorproof,theyneedonlytolooktotheprogressivesortheSteimetztwins,whorid摆脱thebeachesofcigarettebuttswiththeiractivism.Intheearly1900’s,Americangovernmenthadbeencongealed凝固intoastateofcorruptionandinaction迟钝，不活动bythepowerfullobbyistsoftheindustries.InthisGildedAge,thedisparitybetweenrichandpoorwereastonishing—whileVanderbiltbecameamillionaire,millionsoffactoryworkers—mostlyimmigrants—livedinsqualorandateinsalubrious不健康的，food.Atthissametime,theprogressivemovementsoughttorectifytheseinjustices.JaneAddams,forexample,startedasettlementhouseforwomenworkers,whereshenotonlyprovidedchildcareandfinancialsupport,butalsocampaignedfortheabolitionofchildlaborandthecreationoflawstoprotectworkers’safety.Theactionsofhundredsofotherslikehereventuallyledtoreformsincitygovernment—thereferendum,thecitycouncilranbyexperts,notlobbyists,etc.Allthesereformsoriginatedatthemovementoftheindividual.However,movementbyindividualsdoesnothavetospreadnationwidetobeeffective.InthestateofConnecticut,twoteenagerswhopassionatelycaredfortheenvironmenteffectedstatelawstomakelitteringofcigarettebuttsillegalonbeaches.Theteensbeganwithsimplecleanupcampaignswithfriendsandfamilybutrealizedthatmoreactioncould—andshould—betaken.Thence,theybegantomaketripstostatelegislatureinadditiontotripstothebeach—insteadofcollectingbutts,theyralliedsupport.Eventually,alawwaspassedtomaketheirsentiments情绪感情permanent—however,theimpetusstartedinthemindsoftwoteenagers.Governmentispowerfulandwell-intentioned,butthesordid肮脏的，卑鄙的mechanicsofpoliticsoftenobstruct妨碍阻碍problemsolving.Individuals,however,arenotsohampered.Inacountrywhererightsnotenumerated(explicitlygiventothefederalgovernment)areforthepeople,peopleshouldseeindividualactionasarightresponsibility.虽然美国也经历过大规模经济衰退，政府必须出面干涉以鼓舞民众士气的时期，但美国是由个人，通过镇民大会，通过辛勤躬耕，通过和平情愿建立起来的。在今天相对稳定的社会中，人民必须自觉推动变革，解决问题，因为无数改革都起源于草根阶层。如果人们需要激励或证据，只要看看进步主义者(progressives）和通过积极行动扫荡了沙滩上的烟屁股的斯泰梅茨双胞胎（Steimetztwins）就行了。20世纪初，美国政府由于工业集团游说者(lobbyists)的强大力量而陷入腐败和不作为的境况。在这个镀金时代，贫富差距十分惊人——范德比尔特(Vanderbilt)成了百万富翁，而数百万工人——大部分是海外移民——却住着肮脏的居所，吃着不健康的食品。这个时候，兴起了以纠正这些不公平为目的的进步运动(theprogressivemovement)。例如，珍妮·亚当斯建立起女工社会服务所，在服务所她不仅提供儿童看护服务和经济援助，而且发起了废除童工和保护工人安全的运动。成百上千像她这样的人的行动终于带来了市政府的改革——公民投票表决，由专家而不是游说集团控制的市议会，等等。所有这些改革都源于个人的行动。然而，个人的运动不必非得席卷全国才算有效。在康涅狄格州，两个热心环保的少年促使本州立法，宣布在沙滩上乱扔烟头为非法行为。两个孩子最初和朋友、家人一起发起简单的清扫行动，但随后认识到他们可以——而且应该——采取更多行动。因此，他们除了到沙滩上去之外，还造访了州立法机关——不是去拣烟头，而是寻求支持。最终，法案通过，他们的意见变成了永久的法律——然而，最初的动力来自于两个少年的头脑。政府是强大的，善意的，但肮脏的政治机制常常阻碍问题的解决。而个人所受的限制则较少。在一个人民享有未列举权利（该权利被明确给予联邦政府）的国家，人民应该把个人行动看作是一项权利，更是一项义务economicdistress经济困难事例扩展进步主义运动和斯泰梅茨双胞胎的例子还可用于关于良知和动机的题目，如：1.Arepeoplemorelikelytobehappyiftheyfocusongoalsotherthantheirownhappiness?2.Isconscienceamorepowerfulmotivatorthanmoney,fame,orpower?3.Arepeoplemotivatedtoachivebypersonalsatisfactionratherthanbymoneyorfame?4.Shouldschoolhelpstudentsunderstandmoralchoicesandsocialissues?进步主义运动还可用于关于过去和现在的题目，如：5.Doincidentsfromthepastcontinuetoinfluencethepresent?6.Whatisyouropinionoftheclaimthatwithoutadequateknowledgeofthepast,wecannottrulyunderstandthepresent?