堆肥制作中的生物化学变化特征X

1997,20(2):5157JournalofNanjingAgriculturalUniversityX(,210095),:(025d)(2590d),;CöN,,;,,,,;16d,,60d;;;S14114BIOCHEMICALCHARACTERISTICSOFCOMPOSTINGShenQirong,WangRuibao,WangYan,XuGuohuaandYuLing(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,NanjingAgricUniv,Nanjing210095)ABSTRACTSimulatedcompostingwascarriedouttostudythechangesofbiochemistryandchemicalchar2acteristicsoftheorganicmanurecompostusinglabelledorganicmaterialandinorganicnitrogenfertilizer.Theresultsobtainedwereasfollows.1.Thedecompositionoforganicmaterialswasobviouslydividedintotwophases,i.e.,ealierincipientrapiddecompositionandmidlaterslowdecomposition.Thebestcombina2tionofdecompositionratesamongthedifferentorganicmaterialswasricestrawandchickenmanure.2.Dur2ingthecompostingthereweredecreasedtotalC,totalabsoluteNandratioofCöN,buttheNcontentwasincreased.3.SeverehumificationofCandNduringthecompostingwascarryinginalltreatments,especiallyinthecombinationofricestrawandchemicalnitrogenfertilizer.4.Duringthecompostingbothofthecata2laseandproteasehadtwohighestperiodswhichwereintheeighthdayandthefortiethdayforcatalaseandinthesixteenthdayandsixtiethdayforprotease,respectively.5.ThemicrobialbiomassNofalltreatmentshadahighestvalueinthesixteenthdayandthendecreased.Therewasasecondhighestvalueinthesixtiethdayinthecombinationofricestrawandpigmanure.Keywordscompost;biochemistry;characteristics;labelledisotope,,,[1]X(39370413):1996208221[24],,,[5][6],,,60%,,,15N,,111115N41139%(15NH4)2SO4,15N,,,15N112,15N,(NH4)2SO4,11Table1Propertiesofmaterialsused(gökg)MaterialCTotalCNTotalNCöNSolubleinhotwaterCNCöNNInorganicN15N15Nabun.(%)CelluloseLigninNon2labelledRS(1)3768.9542.021.42.957.30.239-312.8115.3Non2labelledCM(2)3903810101329192310113315802241710212Non2labelledPM(3)390301013102515716031411870223151061115N15NlabelledRS2929164401726183126812013397164530718801715N15NlabelledCM28930.512.818.418.81.02.7403.120299.1132.515N15NlabelledPM29120.818.817.56.72.61.1902.430295.6145.6(15NH4)2SO4-------41.39--Note:(1)RS=ricestraw;(2)CM=chickenmanure;(3)PM=pigmanure.Soasfollows.1132NNNCöN30,800g,200g360%,(302)90d0,8,16,25,40,6090d,50g,2520[7][8][7][7]2Table2TreatmentsofcompostingofdifferentmaterialsGroupsTreatmentsNumberA+15NRS+15Nfertilizer+15NRS+15NCM+15NRS+15NPMA2ÉA2ÊA2ËB15N+15NRS+fertilizer15N+15NRS+CM15N+15NRS+PMB2ÉB2ÊB2Ë2211A2É;A2Ë;B2Ê;øA2Ê;B2É;B2Ë1Fig.1Remainingpercentageofdrymatterduringcomposting,CO2,(025d)(2590d)25d,33%,2590d,,65d15%(1),,(),,Knapp[9,10],N,BA,B212CO2,,;,(3)CöN,,,BA,90d,A1819%2410%,B17%,1611%BA,BA,,CöN,B,90d,BCöN91241113,A111215.6352:3CNCöNTable3ChangesoftotalC,totalNandCöNratioduringcompostingTreatmentsCompostingtimeöd081625406090A2É33.71.050(32.1)31.31.226(25.5)30.31.305(23.2)29.31.370(21.4)27.21.433(19.0)25.81.486(17.4)24.01.536(15.6)A2Ê33.61.060(31.6)29.61.212(24.4)26.01.240(23.4)28.31.358(20.8)26.71.407(19.0)23.61.472(16.0)20.81.653(12.6)A2Ë33.81.088(31.1)30.91.220(25.3)28.61.280(22.3)27.71.378(20.1)26.41.465(18.0)24.31.509(16.1)21.61.555(13.2)B2É31.90.960(33.2)30.01.154(26.0)27.01.252(21.6)24.41.363(17.9)22.01.484(14.8)20.41.567(13.0)19.11.686(11.3)B2Ê34.21.085(31.5)30.11.187(25.4)25.81.365(18.9)23.71.466(16.2)21.71.620(13.4)17.81.708(10.4)17.21.786(9.6)B2Ë33.01.049(31.5)30.81.221(25.2)27.721.289(21.5)26.81.334(20.1)25.21.440(17.5)22.41.511(14.8)17.81.716(10.4):(%),(%),CöNNote:NumbersabovethelinesrepresenttotalC(%),underthelinestotalN(%),numbersinparenthe2sesCöN.213,,,[9,10]A2É;A2Ë;B2Ê;øA2Ê;B2É;B2Ë2Fig.2ChangesofsolubleCduringcompostingA2É;A2Ë;B2Ê;øA2Ê;B2É;B2Ë3Fig.3ChangesofsolubleNduringcomposting452023,,,,,,,,,,25d,2560d,,,,21421411(4),BABA,,4Table4ThepercentageofhumusCintotalCduringcomposting(%)TreatmentCompostingtimeöd06090A2É8.286.408.92A2Ê7.1110.8515.00A2Ë6.958.6011.20B2É6.1815.4917.07B2Ê6.5521.1222.62B2Ë9.0015.2722.42214125,16d,,,15N,,,,16d,,,515NTable515Ninhumusin1kgdrymatter(mgökg)Treatment0Compostingtimeöd81625406090A2É0.00136281231185126140A2Ê36.127.729.822.719.223.117.0A2Ë20.915.120.014.714.516.118.7B2É123176216150142113113B2Ê150141178133130101101B2Ë95.013495.387.299.210610721521511,,(840d),(4),BA552:A2É;A2Ë;B2Ê;øA2Ê;B2É;B2Ë4Fig.4Changesofcatalaseactivityduringcomposting:1g0102molöLKMnO4(ml)Note:Catalaseactivityisexpressedasthevolume(ml)of0.02molöLKMnO4consumedby1gmaterial.BA;A,6090d,(1g0102molöLKMnO4)500ml,2321512,(),(1625d60d)(5),,(),(),A2É;A2Ë;B2Ê;øA2Ê;B2É;B2Ë5Fig.5Changesofproteaseactivityduringcom2posting:1g()NH22N(mg)Note:Proteaseactivityisexpressedastheamount(mg)ofNH22Nproducedby1gmaterial.A2É;A2Ë;B2Ê;øA2Ê;B2É;B2Ë6NFig.6Changesofbiomass2Nduringcomposting2151316d,,40d(6),,(6),(A2É),15N,6520,15N,,615NTable6Percentageof15Nimmobilizationofdifferentmaterials(%)TreatmentCompostingtimeöd81625406090A2É18.4524.8920.7814.5111.0710.18A2Ê19.6322.1213.0012.3011.6114.09A2Ë18.2321.825.926.018.9211.54B2É15.0622.1613.1612.955.675.99B2Ê10.4914.5712.846.877.368.63B2Ë11.8717.0613.3010.669.789.55111:11:,19941180190211:1131:,19951319349311,1988,21(5):15411,1993,26(5):165HaradaY.Compostingandapplicationofanimalwastes.ExtensionBulletinASPAC,1990,311:19316HansenR