M7U1-Grammar-and-usage牛津高中英语模块七第一单元语法

选修7GrammarandusageTolearnthedifferencesbetweentransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbsTolearntheusagesoftransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbsindifferentsituationsObjectivesLookatthefollowingsentences.1.WhenPollylefthomeatmorning,thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist.(Unit1,Book3)2.Thensheheardthesoundagain—softfootstepsbehindher.(Unit1,Book3)3.DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?(Unit2,Book4)4.Thisencouragedhimtobecomemoreconfidentaroundothers.(Unit3,Book4)5.I’msittingonaninvisiblebench,ofcourse.(Unit1,Book6)6.Peoplelightlargefiresoutside,andeveryonegathersaroundandhasaparty.(Unit3,Book6)ObservethesentencesfromP2-3:1.AnAmerican,PhiloFarnsworth,madeimportantbreakthroughsinthedevelopmentofTVinthelate1920sandearly1930s.2.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbeganusingplastictapeastheydotoday.3.Whocanforeseewhatthefuturewillbring?4.Thiswillsoonmakerecords,cassetterecorders,CDs,DVDsandevenTVsthingsofthepast.5.TheyalsomakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.6.ThefirstpublicTVbroadcastsweremadeintheUSAin1925.7.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafterwards.8.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.totestyoursenseofobservationtotestyourabilityofshort-termmemorytotestyourabilitytohighlightthelanguagepointsGuessPointoutthewordsinredaretransitiveorintransitive.1.WhenPollylefthomeatmorning,thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist.2.Thensheheardthesoundagain—softfootstepsbehindher.3.DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?transitivetransitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveReady?Go!4.Thisencouragedhimtobecomemoreconfidentaroundothers.5.I’msittingonaninvisiblebench,ofcourse.6.Peoplelightlargefiresoutside,andeveryonegathersaroundandhasaparty.transitiveintransitiveintransitivetransitive1.AnAmerican,PhiloFarnsworth,madeimportantbreakthroughsinthedevelopmentofTVinthelate1920sandearly1930s.2.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbeganusingplastictapeastheydotoday.3.Whocanforeseewhatthefuturewillbring?transitivetransitivetransitiveThesentencesfromP2-3:4.Thiswillsoonmakerecords,cassetterecorders,CDs,DVDsandevenTVsthingsofthepast.5.TheyalsomakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.6.ThefirstpublicTVbroadcastsweremadeintheUSAin1925.7.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafterwards.8.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.transitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveintransitive判断下列标红的动词是否及物。1.Bobshutthedoorbehindhimselfonhiswayout.2.MybrothersentmealetterlastTuesday.3.Thenoiseoutsideinthestreetmadeitdifficultformetofalltosleep.4.MyfamilywentonatriptoLondonduringtheholiday.5.Youtalkedtoomuchatthedinnerparty.6.Awhite-hairedmansatonalowbench,makingshoes.transitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveintransitiveintransitiveDoyouknowwhat‘vt.’and‘vi.’referto?‘vt’referstoatransitiveverb,and‘vi’referstoanintransitiveverb.英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词(vt.)后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。不及物动词(vi.)后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。及物动词可以带直接宾语、间接宾语或宾语补足语。可以用于：“主语+谓语+宾语”、“主语+谓语+双宾语”和“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中。例如：HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.Conclusionabouttransitiveverbs:Helikestogofishingwiththewholefamilyatweekends.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbeganusingplastictapeastheydotoday.Itisdifficultformetobelievethathecanachievesuchgreatsuccessinsuchashorttime.(1)及物动词的宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或者宾语从句。want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,agree,learn,mean,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,continue,ask,promise,expect,choose,preferThefollowingwordsareusuallyfollowedby‘todosth.’astheobject:admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,suggest,avoid,enjoy,practise,finish,miss,keep,understand…Weuseaverb-ingformaftertheseverbs:Someverbscanbefollowedbyaverb-ingformor‘todosth.’,butwithsomedifferencesinmeaningsorusage.regrettodo:抱歉要做某事regretdoing:后悔做了某事eg.Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。Iregrettellinghimthetruth.我后悔告诉他真相。forgettodo:忘记去做某事forgetdoing:忘记做了某事eg.Heforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.他离开时忘了关门了。Iwillneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌的情况。remembertodo:记得要做某事rememberdoing:记得曾经做过的事eg.Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytowork,OK?在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？Irememberseeingthismansomewhere.我记得在哪儿见过这个人。meantodo:打算做某事meandoing:意味着做某事eg.Imeantocomeearliertoday.我今天打算早点来。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.错过这列火车意味着又要等一个小时。trytodo:努力做某事trydoing:尝试做某事eg.Shetriedtofinishtheworkasquicklyasshecould.她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。Itrieddoingtheexerciseinadifferentway.我尝试用另一种方法解题。stoptodo:停下来做某事stopdoing:停止做某事eg.Theworkersstoppedtohavearest.工人们停下来休息。Theworkersstoppedworkingandtookarest.工人们停止了手中的活，休息一下。(2)双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。一般情况下，直接宾语_______，间接宾语_______。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做）。Pleaseshowmetheletter.(me=indirectobject;theletter=directobject)Canyoubuymeameal?IODO指物指人(3)动词的宾语补足语也可以是一个名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或是非谓语动词构成，用来对宾语进行补充说明。Shewantedmetogivehersomemoney.(O是代词；C是不定式)Ifoundtheoldmanlyingdeadontheroad.(O是名词；C是现在分词)Wesawtheroadcoveredwithsnow.(O是名词；C是过去分词)宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：从这几个句子中的动词不定式和分词作宾语补足语来看，在逻辑上它们与其前的宾语具有主谓关系，其中现在分词表示动作的进行状态；过去分词表示动作的被动或完