您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 临时分类 > unit1Forcesofnature
1Forcesofnature:volcanoes([vɔl′keinəu],火山),earthquake,hurricanes(飓风,(尤指西印度群岛的)旋风),tornadoes([tɔ:′neidəu],龙卷风;旋风)Doestheweatherhavebiginfluenceonthewar?--xinxuanTherearesomefamouswordsinancienttimesinChina.Oneofthemsays“thevictoryofthewarneedsthreeimportantconditions:thegoodweather,favorablegeographicalpositionandthesupportofpeople.”Butwhatistherealrelationshipbetweentheweatherandthewars?Anddoestheweatherhavebiginfluenceonthewars?In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,EmperorofFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.Andhehadanarmyoffearsomestrength.Withthehopeofvictory,helostintheend.Maybehewasagreatfighterandleaderinthewar.Butcomparingwiththeraw,bleak,bitterRussianwinter,hewassoweakandhadnowaytowin.Sowhatcanwegetfromthiswar?Weseetheweathermakethousandsofpeopledieofhungryandcold.Manmaychangethehistorybutmancan’tchangethenature.AlsoduringtheWorldWarⅡ,Germanhatedtheweatherverymuch.WhenHitlerattackedEngland,hegotsomanytroubles.TheweatherinEnglandischangeful,whichbecametheadvantagetotheEnglisharmyinthewar.SotheweatherinEnglandturnedintoasecretandnoweatherforecastwasgiveninthoseyears.That’swhytheEnglishliketalkingaboutweatherwhentheymeeteachother.Whataclosedrelationshipbetweentheweatherandthewarsitis!Butsomeotherpeoplemaysaythewarinmoderntimeswasdifferent.Thenewweaponandtheadvancedtechnologyareappliedinthewar,buttheweatherisalsothestickingpoint.Gulfwarin1991andIraqwarin2003weregoodexamples.Americausedtheaccuratesystemofweatherforecastfortheirmanoeuver.Sothewarendedquickly.Inmyopinion,theweatherhasabiginfluenceonthewarsnomatterwhatthewarswillbelike.Sometimestheweatherissogoodthatithelpsthepeopleinthewars,butsometimespeoplemayignoreitjustbecauseitdidn’thelpthem.Allinall,theinfluenceoftheweatheralwaysexists!WhyWouldWeWanttoMesswiththeWeather?为什么我们会想要干预天气?据高顿苏利文将军——前陆军参谋长说,“当我们使技术跃入21世纪(非人类/敌人幻觉妄想“鲤鱼跳龙门”——跃入人类的世界后的情形),我们将无论白天黑夜、在任何天气情况下都能够看见敌人,并无休止地追逐他。(想必是非人类/敌人作为瞎子一直看不见、作为“门外汉”一直够不到和跟不上“敌人”——人类憋的。)”一种全球性的、精确的、实时的、健全的、系统性的“天气修改”能力将提供作战总司令以强大的“兵力倍增器”从而实现军事目标。既然天气对于各种可能的未来都将是共同的,一种“天气修改”能力将是普遍可应用的并且在冲突的整个过程都有用处。影响天气的能力,即使只是小规模地,能够将其从一种“兵力降级器”变成一种“兵力倍增器”。Peoplehavealwayswantedtobeabletodosomethingabouttheweather.IntheUS,asearlyas1839,newspaperarchivestellofpeoplewithseriousandcreativeideasonhowtomakerain.In1957,thepresident'sadvisorycommitteeonweathercontrolexplicitlyrecognizedthemilitarypotentialofweather-modification,warningintheirreportthatitcouldbecomeamoreimportantweaponthantheatombomb.人们曾一直想要能够就天气做些什么(非人类/敌人想要就人类世界的一切做些什么,目的在于改造和控制,尤其是难以改造和控制的,例如天上的。只有经过极端的改造之后性质相反的世界,才是非人类/敌人所适应的世界——破败、动荡、荒芜、怪诞、肮脏、丑恶、黑暗......人类所极不适应的另一个世界。)。在美国,早在1839年,存档报纸就提到关于如何造雨有着认真(对于非人类/敌人来说攸关生存的事情不是闹着玩的,它们根本玩不起,而是表现出“偏执”的特征。)和创造性构想(对于人类的自然世界而言,异类——非人类/敌人的任何构想都是新异的,此即其所谓“创造性”。)的“人”们。1957年,总统有关“天气控制”问题的顾问委员会明确地认识到了“天气修改”的军事潜力,在其报告中警告,它可能成为一种比原子弹更重要的武器(非人类/敌人总是比人类更早地嗅到“武器”的气味。)However,controversysince1947concerningthepossiblelegalconsequencesarisingfromthedeliberatealterationoflargestormsystemsmeantthatlittlefutureexperimentationcouldbeconductedonstormswhichhadthepotentialtoreachland.In1977,theUNGeneralAssemblyadoptedaresolutionprohibitingthehostileuseofenvironmentalmodificationtechniques.TheresultingConventionontheProhibitionofMilitaryorAnyOtherHostileUseofEnvironmentalModificationTechnique(ENMOD)committedthesignatoriestorefrainfromanymilitaryorotherhostileuseofweather-modificationwhichcouldresultinwidespread,long-lasting,orsevereeffects.Whilethesetwoeventshavenothaltedthepursuitofweather-modificationresearch,theyhavesignificantlyinhibiteditspaceandthedevelopmentofassociatedtechnologies,whileproducingaprimaryfocusonsuppressiveversusintensificationactivities.然而,自从1947年以来关于对大型风暴系统的故意改变所导致的可能的法律后果的争议意味着就可能到达地面的风暴没有多少未来试验能够被进行。1977年,“联合国”大会采纳了一项禁止对“环境修改技术”的敌意运用的决议。由此签署的《关于禁止对“环境修3改技术”的军事或任何其它敌意运用的公约(ENMOD)》将戒除可能导致广泛、长期或严重影响的对“天气修改”的任何军事或其它敌意运用的义务加诸于各缔约国。虽然这两件事未曾遏止对于“天气修改”研究的嗜好(非人类/敌人的这种出自本性的危害性嗜好是无可遏止的除非将其置于绝对控制之下——封锁监禁在孤岛集中营中或者消灭掉。),在产生了一个对于“抑制对强化活动”的基本焦点的同时,它们曾在很大程度上抑制了其步伐和对相关技术的开发。(此话前后矛盾。后半句的谓语动词“抑制”想必应当替换为“加速”。)Theinfluenceoftheweatheronmilitaryoperationshaslongbeenrecognized.DuringWorldWarII,Eisenhowersaid,天气对于军事行动的影响很久以前就被认识了。二战期间,艾森豪威尔说,InEuropebadweatheristheworstenemyoftheair[operations].Somesoldieroncesaid,Theweatherisalwaysneutral.Nothingcouldbemoreuntrue.Badweatherisobviouslytheenemyofthesidethatseekstolaunchprojectsrequiringgoodweather,orofthesidepossessinggreatassets,suchasstrongairforces,whichdependupongoodweath
本文标题:unit1Forcesofnature
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2864789 .html