unit3GRAMMAR动词ing形式做宾补表语定语

GrammarAmangoestochurchandstartstoGod.Hesays:“God,whatisamilliondollarstoyou?”andGodsays:“Apenny”,thenthemansays:“God,whatisamillionyearstoyou?”andGodsays:“asecond”,thenthemansays:“God,canIhaveapenny?”andGodsays“Inasecond.”talkingLet’senjoysomehumor.Review:-ingformusedasthesubject&theobject.1.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.2.Smokingmaycauselungcancer.3.Walkingismyfavouriteexercise.4.Talkingmendsnoholes.对他说话等于对牛弹琴。(谚)空谈无济于事。5.Isuggestbringingthemeetingtoanend.6.Headmittedstealingthemoney.7.Icouldn’thelplaughing.8.Myhairneedswashingbadly.tobewashed—usedasobjectcomplement(宾语补足语)predicative(表语)&attribute(定语)1.Canyousmellanythingburning?宾语2.Wewon’thaveyoudoingthat.宾语3.Nooneisallowedtospeakinthereadingroom.4.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglong.宾语5.IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.6.Myhobbyisswimming.宾补宾补表语定语宾补定语什么是宾语补足语?Whatisanobjectcomplement?在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补。一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语IfindlearningEnglishdifficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)Isawthekiteupanddown.(upanddown是副词做宾补)IheardJeansingingthismorning.(singing是ing形式做宾补)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语需要注意的几个问题。1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.3、能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等+sb+doingsth（作宾补）Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.2)表示指使意义的动词使役动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等+sb/sth+doingsth(作宾补）Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。Iwon'thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。1.Weheardthem(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert.Theylookedveryangry.2.Thevillagerssawthefire(burn)brightlyinthedistance.3.Thebosskepttheworkers(work)formorethan20hours.4.Thepolicecaughtthethief(put)ahandintothepocketofapassenger.5.Shewassoheartbrokenthatshejustleftherboyfriend(stand)outsidethewholenight.Exercise:fillintheblankswiththewordsintheirproperforms.Quarrelingburningworkingputtingstanding三、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：Herhobbyispainting.Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Hisconcernforhismotherismosttouching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。三、动词-ing形式作定语1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面,既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水awalkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台tiringmusic=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果2.动词–ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。ThemanstandingthereisPeter’sfather.=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter’sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累,在微风中轻轻摇曳。