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OnHumanNature1Humannatureisthebasisofcharacter,thetemperamentanddisposition;人性是性格、气质和性情的基础,itisthatindestructiblematrixuponwhichthecharacterisbuilt,andwhoseshapeitmusttakeandkeepthroughoutlife.性格正是基于这种牢不可破的基质之上的,它必须以这种基质的形式存在,并将它保留终生,Thiswecallaperson'snature.这种基质,我们称之为一个人的本性。2Thebasicnatureofhumanbeingsdoesnotandcannotchange.人类的本性不会也不能改变,Itisonlythesurfacethatiscapableofalteration,improvementandrefinement;只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升;wecanalteronlypeople'scustoms,manners,dressandhabits.我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。Astudyofhistoryrevealsthatthepeoplewhowalkedthisearthinantiquityweremovedbythesamefundamentalforces,wereswayedbythesamepassions,andhadthesameaspirationsasthemenandwomenoftoday.一项历史研究表明,曾经行走在地球上的古人们和今天的男男女女们受着同样的基本力量驱使,被同样的激情左右并有着同样的抱负,Thepursuitofhappinessstillengrossesmankindtheworldover.时至今日,对幸福的追求仍然是全世界人类全身心投入的事业。3Moreovernoonewisheshisnaturetochange.此外,没有人希望改变自己的本性,OnemaycovetthepositionofPresidentorKing,butwouldnotchangeplaceswiththem有人可能会觊觎总统或国王的职位,但不会和他们交换位置,unlessitmeantthecontinuanceofhisownidentity.除非那意味着他自己身份的继续。Eachmanseeshimselfasunique,每个人都把自己看成是独特个体,andsofarasheisconcernedthehuboftheuniverse,differentfromanyotherindividual.而且,就他而言,他就是宇宙的中心,有别于其他任何人。ApologiesareinorderwhenMr.SmithismistakenforMr.Jones.如果有人把史密斯先生误认作琼斯先生,这人就该道歉。4Everymanunfoldsadistinctcharacteroverwhichcircumstancesandeducationhaveonlythemostlimitedcontrol.每个人都表现出一种与众不同的性格,而环境和教育对性格的影响都极其有限。Notwopeoplewilleverdrawthesameconclusionsfromthesameexperiences,两个人从相同的经历中也不会得出相同的结论,buteachmustinterpreteventsandfitthemintothemosaicofhisownlife'spattern.但是两个人会各自分析这些事件并将它们融合到自己丰富的生活模式中去。Humannatureisevertrueitself,nottosystemsoffaithoreducation.人性总是忠于它本身,而不受信仰或教育体制左右。Eachholdstothestructureofthemoldintowhichthesoulwascastatthetimeofitsindividualization.一个人的个性和他独特的天性在出生时就已经形成了,而且不会改变。Thequalitiesborninoneremainaspotentialswhethertheyhaveachancetodevelopornot.一个人与生俱来的品质,无论是否有机会发展,都保持为潜力。Underpressure,orchangeofinterest,theycanpartiallyorwhollydisappearfromviewforconsiderableperiodsoftime;在遭受压力或兴趣变化的情况下,他们会部分或全部地消失相当一段时间,butnothingcanpermanentlymodifythem,但是没有什么能永久地改变他们,nothingcanobliteratethem.也没有什么能把他们抹去。5Theconstancyofhumannatureisproverbial,人性的恒定性是众所周知的,asnoonebelievesthatamancanfundamentallychangehisnature.因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。Thisiswhyitissodifficultforonewhohasacquiredanunsavoryreputationtore-establishhimselfinpublicconfidence.这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。Peopleknowfromexperiencethatanindividualwhoinoneyeardisplaysknavishcharacteristicsseldominthenextbecomesanydifferent.人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。Nordoesathiefbecomeatrustworthyemployee,oramiseraphilanthropist.小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝啬鬼也不可能变成慈善家。Nordoesamanchangeandbecomealiar,cowardortraitoratfiftyorsixty;而且,一个人不会在五六十岁的时候变成谎话精、懦夫或叛徒,ifheisonethen,hehasbeenoneeversincehischaracterwasformed.如果那时候他是,那么早在他性格形成的时候他就已经是了。Bigcriminalsarefirstlittlecriminals,justasgiantoaksarefirstlittleacorns.大罪犯最初都是小罪犯,正如大橡树最初都是小橡果。6Althoughmanispotentiallyperfectheisfarfrombeingactuallyso.尽管人类有完美的潜质,但事实上他远远没有达到完美。Ifhewereactuallyperfecttherewouldbenothingforpreachersandhumanitarianstodo;如果事实上他已经是完美的,那么那些神父、教师和人道主义者便会无事可做;nouseforchurches,schools,courtsandprisons.那些教堂、学校、法庭和监狱便会无所用处。Thereforewhileitisimpossibletochangehumannature,itcanbestudied,controlledanddirected,因此虽然人性是不可能改变的,但是人们可以研究它、控制它和引导它。andthisshouldbethesupremefunctionofourreligious,educationalandsocialinstitutions.而且这应该是我们的宗教机构、教育机构和社会机构的最高职能。7Manisperfectasaseedisperfect,germinally.人类在胚胎期是完美的,就好比一粒种子,在幼芽期是完美的一样。Thespiritisperfect,精神是完美的,butwhenitinhabitshumanstructures,itparticipatesintheimperfectionsofthelater;但它栖居到人类肉体结构中后,便参与其中,表现出后者的不完美。andduringitsassociationwithmattertakesonthemortalweakness,desiresandlimitations.在它与物质的联系过程中呈现出凡人的弱点、欲望和局限。Butthespirit,theinnerman,remainsuntouchedandundefiledbyevil.但是精神,也就是人的内在,却仍能免遭邪恶的染指和玷污。Onlytheouterman----thepersonalityandthephysicalbody----becomesimperfect,duetoignorance,wrongthinkingandviolationofthelawofbeing.只有外在的人——个性和躯体,由于无知、思想错误和违反自然规律而变得不完美。Theouterman,too,wasoriginallyperfect,butmanhassodesecratedandabuseditthattodayitisafarcryfromtheoriginalmodel.外在的人,原本也是完美的,但是由于人类如此的亵渎和滥用,今天,它已经与原型相去甚远。8Man'smajestyandnobilityaretakenforgranted,人们想当然地认为人类是伟大和高尚的,althoughhisfaultsandweaknessesareconstantlyparadedbeforeoureyes.尽管他的过错和弱点不断地暴露在我们面前。Onlywhenbehaviordeviatesfromthenormaldoesitattractattention.只有当人类行为偏离常规时才会引起人们的注意。Thegoodneighbor,theconscientiouscitizen,thekindfatherandfaithfulhusbandpassunnoticed.人们对好邻居、良民、慈父和贞夫视而不见,Butthemurderer,robberorwifebeaterissingledoutforpublicity,但杀人犯、抢劫犯或殴打妻子的人却成为公众瞩目的焦点。becausesuchconductisunusual.因为这些行为非同寻常。9Man'sinherentgoodness,moreover,isrevealedbyhiscountlessactsofheroism,unselfishnessandsacrifice.人类固有的优点还体现在不计其数的英雄主义行为、充满无私和牺牲精神的举动上,Dailyonereadsofmensavingothersattheperiloftheirownlives.每天我们都会读到人们冒着生命危险挽救他人生命的事迹:Oneplungesintothesurfandrescuesaswimmerfromdrowning;有人跃入水中拯救溺水的泳者;anotherdashesintoaburninghouseandcarriesastrangertosafety;有人冲进火场将陌生人带出险境;otherssnatchachildfromthewheelsofdeath;有人从死亡的车轮下救出孩子;manygivetheirbloodsothatothersmaylive.许多人献出鲜血使他人生命得以延续。Countless
本文标题:unit7
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