waterpollution水污染

参与成员：####2020/1/10waterpollutionwaterpollution---content2020/1/10Defination&CategoriesCausesHarmactuality&CaseanalysisSuggestionscontentwaterpollution---defination2020/1/10definationWaterpollutionisthecontamination(污染)ofwaterbodies(eg.lakes,rivers,oceans,aquifersandgroundwater).Waterpollutionoccurswhenpollutants（污染物）aredirectlyorindirectlydischarged（排放）intowaterbodieswithoutadequatetreatmenttoremoveharmfulcompounds（复合物）.waterpollution---categories2020/1/10Industrialwastewater工业废水Domesticsewage生活污水Agriculturalwastewater农业废水CategoriesIndustrialwaterpollution•Allkindsofindustrygeneratetradewaste(工业废水）:IronandsteelindustryFoodindustryComplexorganicchemicalsindustryNuclearindustry•Pollutants:organics,oil,metal,acid•Wastewaterfrombathing,dishes,toilets.•Notoxicsubstance,abundantinnutrientswithnitrogen(N，氮）andphosphorus(P，磷）•Eutrophication（水体富营养化）•Trashorgarbage(eg.paper,plastic,orfoodwaste)discardedbypeopleontheground,alongwithaccidentalorintentionaldumpingofrubbish,thatarewashedbyrainfallintostormdrainsandeventuallydischargedintosurfacewaters.Domesticsewagepollutionagriculturewaterpollution•Excessivefertilizerusemayleadtoeutrophication（水体富营养化）inmanyaquatichabitats•agriculturalrunofffromlarge,openexpansesismajorsourceofwaterpollution.waterpollution2020/1/10industrialeffluent（printinganddyeing印染，metallurgy冶金)MainCausesdomesticsewerage（washsewage洗涤污水）agriculturesewerage（nitrogen氮phosphorus磷potassium钾）solidwasteintheindustrialproduction（工业生产中的固体废弃物）Harm•waterpollutionaffectsplantsandorganisms(有机物）livinginthesebodiesofwater.•inalmostallcasestheeffectisdamagingnotonlytoindividualspeciesandpopulations,butalsotothenaturalbiologicalcommunities(生物圈）.•itistheleadingworldwidecauseofdeathsanddiseases.•itaccountsforthedeathsofmorethan14,000peopledaily.•anestimatedof580peopleinIndiadieofwaterpollutionrelatedillnesseveryday.waterpollution2020/1/10Howmuchcitywaterispollutedintheworld?waterpollution2020/1/10Theansweriswaterpollution2020/1/10有1.7亿人饮用被有机物污染的水15%有7亿人在饮用大肠杆菌含量超标的水55%3亿城市居民正面临水污染这一世界性问题3亿Amongthesepollutedwaterwaterpollution---actuality2020/1/10Actualitywaterpollution---actuality2020/1/10actualitywaterpollution---actuality2020/1/10actualitypresentsituationofChina•Around90%thewaterinthecitiesofChinaispolluted.•Andasof2007,halfabillionChinesehadnoaccesstosafedrinkingwater.•TheheadofChina’snationaldevelopmentagencyin2007said1/4ththelengthofChina'ssevenmainriversweresopoisonedthewaterharmedtheskin.theexamplesofthewaterpollutionaboutchina：1.白洋淀死鱼事件2006年2月和3月份，素有“华北明珠”美誉的华北地区最大淡水湖泊白洋淀，相继发生大面积死鱼事件。调查结果显示，水体污染较重，水中溶解氧过低，造成鱼类窒息是此次死鱼事件的主要原因。这次事件造成任丘市所属9。6万亩水域全部污染，水色发黑，有臭味，网箱中养殖鱼类全部死亡，淀中漂浮着大量死亡的野生鱼类，部分水草发黑枯死2.淮河水污染事件震惊中外1994年7月，淮河上游因突降暴雨而采取开闸泄洪的方式，将积蓄于上游一个冬春的2亿立方米水放下来。水经之处河水泛浊，河面上泡沫密布，顿时鱼虾丧失。下游一些地方的居民饮用了虽经自来水处理但未能达到饮用标准的河水后，出现恶心、腹泻、呕吐等症状。经取样检验证实，上游来水水质恶化，沿河各自来水厂被迫停止供水达54天之久，百万淮河民众饮水告急。aboutworld•1955—1972年，在日本富山县神通川流域两岸出现了一种怪病，患者中妇女比男士多，患上此病，则全身骨骼疼痛，不能行走，故取名为“痛痛病”。经调查，这是一种镉中毒事件，起因是附近的电镀厂、蓄电池制造厂及熔接工厂或因采矿工业含镉之废水未经适当处理而径行排水，污染了神通川水体，两岸居民利用河水灌溉农田，使稻米和饮用水含镉而中毒，1963年至1979年3月共有患者130人，其中死亡81人。•1986年位于莱茵河上游的瑞士一座叫做桑多兹的化工厂仓库失火，有10吨杀虫剂和含有多种有毒化学物质的污水流入莱茵河，其影响达500多公里。•2000年，罗马尼亚边境城镇奥拉迪亚一座金矿泄漏出氰化物废水，流到了南联盟境内。毒水流经之处，所有生物全都在极短时间内暴死。流经罗马尼亚、匈牙利和南联盟的欧洲大河之——蒂萨河及其支流内80％的鱼类完全灭绝，沿河地区进入紧急状态。这是自前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故以来欧洲最大环境灾难。Facingthisseriouswaterpollution,whatshouldwedo?waterpollution---suggestion2020/1/10Suggestions#Forgovernment#Forindividual#ForbusinessForgovernment•1.Theestablishedofurbansewagetreatmentsystem（城市污水处理系统建立）•2.Industrialrestructuring（产业结构调整）•3.Thedevelopmentofnewwatersources•4.Tostrengththeplanningandmanagementofwaterresources•5.Controllingagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution(控制农业面源污染)Forbusiness•1.toreducewaterconsumption(减少耗水量)•2.buyequipmentofsewagetreatment(买污水处理设备)•3.don'tdischargesewageintowater(不要乱排污水)•4.waterrecyclingsystem(水资源循环系统)Forindividual•1.Don'tusecleanerconclude.•2.Don'tthrowthegarbageintotheriverorsea.•3.Tellthepersonaroundyoutoprotestthewater.waterpollution---Worldwaterday2020/1/10WorldWaterdayWorldWaterDayhasbeenobservedon22Marchsince1993whentheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblydeclared22MarchasWorldDayforWater.WorldWaterDayObservedbyAllUNmemberstatesstart1993Date22MarchNexttime22March2015Frequencyannualwaterpollution---worldwaterday2020/1/10ThemeofWorldWaterDay2014:WaterandEnergy2013:WaterCooperation2012:WaterandFoodSecurity:theworldisthirstybecausewearehungry.2011:Waterforcities:Respondingtotheurbanchallenge2010:CleanWaterforaHealthyWorldLet’swatchavideoaboutprotectingwaterfrompollution.Wordlist•pollutants污染物•discharged排放•compounds复合物•Industrialwastewater工业废水•Domesticsewage生活污水•organisms有机物•biologicalcommunities生物圈•Multinationals跨国公司•nitrogen氮•phosphorus磷•potassium钾•imbibing吸收•waterpollution2020/1/10thankyou