国内外湿地保护与利用案例分析及其对镜湖国家湿地公园生态旅游的启示-吕咏[1]

44200612　　　WETLAND　SCIENCEVol.4　No.4Dec.,2006:2006-08-10;:2006-11-04:(1975-),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]吕　咏,陈克林(-,100029):,。。:,,。,,、,。,,、,。,,。,,。:;;;:X32　:A　:1672-5948(2006)04-268-06　　,、[1]。,、,。,,,,,。,,。,。(IUCN)、(WWF)、(WI),,。1987《》:“,”[2],1993《》:、;、、、、;,[3]。,。,,。250,6,[4]。,。,,,。,,。,,。1　,:,DOI:10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2006.04.006　4:269　　,。,,、,。。1.1　1.1.1　米埔保护区背景,,。1983,。19957。380hm2,、、,[5]。1.1.2　米埔湿地的保护与利用6,。,6,23,(Plataleaminor)2000178,1/4[5]。。,,2.5;1.5;。,12。1000～2000[5]。。。,,。900～1000[5]。1.1.3　米埔保护区管理的成绩和经验,、。20,,。,,。、、、。,。21,22。。()、(),。,,。,,,。,,,。1.2　(ChilikaLake),,。1.2.1　齐利卡湖概况,,19°28′N～19°54′N,85°38′E～85°51′E。。64.7km,20.1km,906～1165km2。,4:、、。,Nalabana,Kalijai,Somolo,HoneymoonBreakfast[6]。,,(IUCN)。,800,149～225。,　270　　　　　　　　4200。8122,70%[6]。,1981,。,。1.2.2　齐利卡湖的生态旅游,,。,:①;②,、、、、;③;④、;⑤;⑥。,:①,、、、;②,、、;;③,。,:①,;②,,、,;③、、,、,;④,;⑤;⑥。,①;②;③;④,;⑤;⑥;⑦,,,、。1.2.3　齐利卡湖生态旅游的成功经验:,,,,,,。1.3　,6000hm2,。,。70a。。,,,1971。。,,。6～8,60,1.5[7]。。、,。、、、,,。:(1)16,2300。(2)。(3),。(4),。(5),。,,,3。、、、、,,:　4:271　　;;;;,。、、、。,。,:、、;,;,。1.4　,:(1)。,,。(2),。,,。(3),。,,,,,,,。(4)。,,,。(5)。2080,。[8].,,,,,。2　2.1　。,,,“”,。20055,,[9]。、、,“”,,15.6km2。,,,,151;。,(Pelteobagrusfulvidraco),,2.23km2。。,、、、。,,,216、36、、、。,,;、、、、、。,,(Egrettagarzetta),———(Egrettaeulophotes)。2.2　,“、、、、”,,。()。、。,,,、、、　272　　　　　　　　4,。,。,“”。。,,558hm2,36%。、,、。,。,:“,、”[10]。、,;,,,,,,;,,;,。,。2.3　2.3.1　园内应实施可持续的管理措施。,,,,,、、,、,、、。,,,;,,;;,;。。、、;,,、;,;,、;、、[11]。2.3.2　加强社区共管,使当地社区受益。,,。,,,、,,,,[12]。2.3.3　加强湿地公园管理人员的能力建设,。,,,,,,,,,,,;,。2.3.4　注重发挥湿地教育和宣传方面的优势。,、,,、、,,,,。2.3.5　完善园内环境监测与监督,、　4:273　　,。[1]　-.[M].:,1998.[2]　.[M].:,1994.[3]　《》.[M].:,2000.[4]　“”[N/OL]..2004-01-02.[5]　-.[M].:,2001:205.[6]　ClaridgeGF,O'CallaghanB.1997.CommunityInvolvementinWetlandManagement:LessonsfromtheField[M].WetlandsInternational.217-218.[7]　,.[M].:,1994.[8]　,.[M].:,2002.[9]　.[J].,2006,4(1):7～9.[10].[J].,2005,3(4):298～301.[11]NassaueerJI.1995.Culturalprincipleoflandscapeecology[J].LandscapeEcology,10(4):228-229.[12]-.[M].:,1999.AnalysisofSeveralCasesofWetlandProtectionandUseatHomeandAbroadandTheirInspirationforEco-touroftheJinghuNationalUrbanWetlandParkinZhejiangProvinceLUYong,CHENKe-Lin(WetlandsInternational-China,Beijing100029,P.R.China)Abstract:Wetlandsareakindofecosystemwithsomeoftherichestbiodiversityandimportantvalueandfunc-tionsontheearth.Wetlandsarevitallifesupportsystemsformanycommunitiesthroughouttheworld.Wetlandsprovidegoodsandservicesforthehealth,safetyandwelfareofpopulationsbothnearbyandelsewhere.Ecosys-temattributesarealsopossessedbywetlands.Suchattributesasculturaluniqueness/heritageandbiologicaldi-versityprovidewetlandswithvalues.Furthermore,Wetlandshaveakeyroleinnaturalfloodcontrol,watersup-ply,purificationandtheglobalcyclesofnitrogen,methane,sulphur,phosphorusandcarbon.Wetlandsconser-vationandwiseusehasbecomeahotspotintheworld.Thereisacommonoptiononforsustainableconservationandmanagementwetlandsinsomedevelopedcountriesorregions:toselectsomedifferencetypesofsignificantwetlandsandestablishnaturereservesorwetlandparks;todevelopandimplementofscientificandeffectivemethodsforthesewetlands;toselectsomerepresentativewetlandsasdemonstrationsitesforthewiseuseofwet-landeco-systemandwaterfowl;toguidetheconservation,management,wiseuse,scientificresearchandedu-cationofotherwetlandsthroughexperienceandresultlearnedfromthesedemonstrationsitesandfinallybringthewholewetlandecosystemofthecountrytowardsgooddevelopmenttrendofwetlandconservationandmanage-ment.TheconceptofwetlandparkshasbecomeahotandnewtopicinChinaanditiscommonlybelievedthatwiseuseofwetlandparkscouldprovidegoodexamplesoftheRamsarConvention'sprincipleforwiseuseofnatu-ralresources.ThelessonsandexperienceslearnedfromseveralcasesstudiedfromHongKong,IndiaandJapancanbebeneficialtotheJinghuNationalUrbanWetlandParkinShaoxing,Zhejiangprovince.Fromwetlands'conservationandwiseuseperspective,accordingtoaboundwetlandtourresourcesandnaturelandscapesofJing-huNationalUrbanWetlandParkinShaoxing,Zhejiangprovince,someissuestoberesolvedurgentlywereana-lyzedonwetlandsandwiseuseoftourresources,andsustainabledevelopmentandmechanismsorsuggestionswereproposedgenerallyonsustainabledevelopmentofwetlands'resources.Keywords:eco-tour;wetlands;wiseuse;wetlandpark