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1工程概况研究此段为中条山隧道K9+450~K10+560段,此处隧道最大埋深约540m,主要由太古界涑水群表壳岩组合解州片麻岩(Hgn)地层组成,构成中条山隧道分水岭北侧的主体;此段组成隧道的围岩岩性主要为变粒岩、花岗片麻岩等。该套地层岩性复杂,组合无规律。岩层产状整体倾向南东,倾角一般在50o~70o间变化。在AK9+900~AK10+000段为区域性断层影响段,此断层为破碎岩石组成,将为基岩裂隙水下渗提供通道,隧道开挖必将引起涌水,同时此段围岩稍差,施工时易引起坍塌。此段同时也是中条山北侧泉水主要涌出段,水文情况复杂。总体评价,本段工程地质条件差。在此处,具体运用FLAC3D进行模拟的区段均取洞身YK10+100~YK10+180段。该区段为V级围岩区域,埋深为505~512m,为断层,附近太古界涑水群花岗片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、岩石破碎。隧道断面为SVc型,如图2-2所示。图2-2SVc型隧道断面图隧道衬砌按新奥法原理设计,采用SVc型复合式衬砌,该衬砌适用于隧道洞身V级断层影响带及软弱破碎围岩段的初期支护及衬砌,超前支护各环采用42×4mm注浆小导管超前预加固围岩,长4.5m,环向间距35cm,搭接长度1.3m,斜插角10o~15o,每环37根;初衬以喷、锚、网为主要支护手段:钢拱架为I20a型钢,纵向间距75cm,每榀钢拱架之间采用φ22钢筋连接,环形间距1.0m;锚杆采用D25中空注浆锚杆,长3.5m,间距75cm(纵)×100cm(环),与钢拱架交错布置;喷C25早强混凝土26cm。二次衬砌和仰拱均为C30钢筋混凝土结构,厚50cm。1.2数值计算模型根据中条山隧道工程的实际状况,为提高计算速度,在保证计算精度的前提下,取桩号YK10+100~YK10+160段采用大型有限差分软件FLAC3D进行建模分析。对于全断面法、预留核心土法、台阶法,由于整个隧道模型左右对称,为减少计算量,可取隧道模型的一半计算,隧道的计算模型I如图2-3所示。FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep17407ModelPerspective15:44:44MonDec052011Center:X:3.000e+001Y:3.000e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:50.000Dist:4.171e+002Mag.:0.64Ang.:22.500SurfaceMagfac=0.000e+000AxesLinestyleXYZ图2-3计算模型I示意图x、y、z各方向的长度分别为60m、60m和140m。模型的表面为自由边界,底部为固定边界条件,四周为法向位移约束边界条件。模型共有10912个节点,9360个实体单元。对于单侧壁导坑法,由于整个隧道模型左右不对称,可取隧道模型的一半计算,隧道的计算模型II如图2-4所示。x、y、z各方向的长度分别为120m、60m和140m。模型的表面为自由边界,底部为固定边界条件,四周为法向位移约束边界条件。模型共有25637个节点,23220个实体单元。FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep20000ModelPerspective15:42:52MonDec052011Center:X:1.332e+001Y:3.882e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.371e+002Mag.:0.64Ang.:22.500SurfaceMagfac=0.000e+000AxesLinestyleXYZ图2-4计算模型II示意图FLAC3D提供了丰富的单元库供用户选择,这样可以对各种材料进行模拟。计算中V级围岩均采用摩尔—库伦材料,初期支护体系中的喷层混凝土视为线弹性体,二次衬砌混凝土及仰拱均采用FLAC3D软件内置的壳单元(shell)进行模拟,系统锚杆和锁脚锚杆均分别采用锚索单元(cable)和桩单元(pile)进行模拟,超前导管采用桩单元(pile)进行模拟。各材料参数见表2-1。1.3数值计算说明需要说明的是,由于研究该段埋深很大,最大处达到540m。此处假设隧道埋深为500m,假设地应力场仅考虑自重应力场,则按照等效方法在模型顶部竖直方向应施加的垂直向应力为z=2650×9.8×420=10.91MPa。地应力平衡后,模型底部垂直向应力z=2650×9.8×560=14.54MPa,隧道中心垂直向应力z=2650×9.8×500=12.99MPa现按照上述方法进行平衡,得到的竖向应力云图如图2-5及图2-6所示。FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep17407ModelPerspective18:51:01MonDec052011Center:X:3.000e+001Y:3.000e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.171e+002Mag.:1Ang.:22.500ContourofSZZMagfac=0.000e+000GradientCalculation-1.3537e+007to-1.3500e+007-1.3500e+007to-1.3000e+007-1.3000e+007to-1.2500e+007-1.2500e+007to-1.2000e+007-1.2000e+007to-1.1500e+007-1.1500e+007to-1.1000e+007-1.1000e+007to-1.0500e+007-1.0500e+007to-1.0000e+007-1.0000e+007to-1.0000e+007Interval=5.0e+005FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep17407ModelPerspective18:51:01MonDec052011Center:X:3.000e+001Y:3.000e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.171e+002Mag.:1Ang.:22.500ContourofSZZMagfac=0.000e+000GradientCalculation-1.3537e+007to-1.3500e+007-1.3500e+007to-1.3000e+007-1.3000e+007to-1.2500e+007-1.2500e+007to-1.2000e+007-1.2000e+007to-1.1500e+007-1.1500e+007to-1.1000e+007-1.1000e+007to-1.0500e+007-1.0500e+007to-1.0000e+007-1.0000e+007to-1.0000e+007Interval=5.0e+005FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep17407ModelPerspective18:51:01MonDec052011Center:X:3.000e+001Y:3.000e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.171e+002Mag.:1Ang.:22.500ContourofSZZMagfac=0.000e+000GradientCalculation-1.3537e+007to-1.3500e+007-1.3500e+007to-1.3000e+007-1.3000e+007to-1.2500e+007-1.2500e+007to-1.2000e+007-1.2000e+007to-1.1500e+007-1.1500e+007to-1.1000e+007-1.1000e+007to-1.0500e+007-1.0500e+007to-1.0000e+007-1.0000e+007to-1.0000e+007Interval=5.0e+005FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep17407ModelPerspective18:51:01MonDec052011Center:X:3.000e+001Y:3.000e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.171e+002Mag.:1Ang.:22.500ContourofSZZMagfac=0.000e+000GradientCalculation-1.3537e+007to-1.3500e+007-1.3500e+007to-1.3000e+007-1.3000e+007to-1.2500e+007-1.2500e+007to-1.2000e+007-1.2000e+007to-1.1500e+007-1.1500e+007to-1.1000e+007-1.1000e+007to-1.0500e+007-1.0500e+007to-1.0000e+007-1.0000e+007to-1.0000e+007Interval=5.0e+005图2-5模型Ⅰ平衡地应力后垂直向应力分布云图(单位:Pa)FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep20000ModelPerspective18:57:44MonDec052011Center:X:1.332e+001Y:3.882e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.371e+002Mag.:1Ang.:22.500ContourofSZZMagfac=0.000e+000GradientCalculation-1.4403e+007to-1.4000e+007-1.4000e+007to-1.3500e+007-1.3500e+007to-1.3000e+007-1.3000e+007to-1.2500e+007-1.2500e+007to-1.2000e+007-1.2000e+007to-1.1500e+007-1.1500e+007to-1.1000e+007-1.1000e+007to-1.0500e+007-1.0500e+007to-1.0092e+007Interval=5.0e+005FLAC3D3.00ItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.Minneapolis,MNUSAStep20000ModelPerspective18:57:44MonDec052011Center:X:1.332e+001Y:3.882e+001Z:1.000e+001Rotation:X:0.000Y:0.000Z:40.000Dist:4.371e+002Mag.:1Ang.:22.500ContourofSZZMagfac=0.000e+000GradientCalculation-1.4403e+007to-1.4000e+007-1.4000e+007to-1.3500e+007-1.3500e+007to-1.3000e+007-1.3000e+007to-1.2500e+007-1.2500e+007to-1.2000e+007-1.2000e+007to-1.1500e+007-1.1500e+007to-1.1000e+007-1.1000e+007to-1.0500e+007-1.05
本文标题:FLAC-数值模拟分析
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