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HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂性能评价AbstractAtpresent,ourcountrymajorityoilfieldsenteredthewater-injectiondevelopmentthemidandlatepart,asaresultofthestratumanisotropicexistence,moisturecontentyearbyyeartorise,theproductiveratereducesyearbyyear,theoilfieldwatershutoffappearsespeciallyimportant,thereforeresearchblockingagentwatershutoffperformanceespeciallyimportant.ThisarticlehasmadethesimpleintroductioninviewofthepresentblockingagentparticularlyHPAMphenolicsblockingagent'sdevelopmentandtheapplication;AndhasmainlystudiedtheHPAMphenolicsblockingagentinfluencingfactor,andobtainsthemassivedataaswellastheanalysisresult.ThisarticleknewthroughtheexperimentthatintheHPAMphenolicsblockingagentbestformulaaswellastheformulathecrosslinkingagent,thetemperature,thePHvalueandtheinorganicsalthavewhatinfluencetotheblockingagent,namelybecomestherubberperformancetotheblockingagent(tobecomerubbertime,tobecomerubberintensity).Moreover,alsoknowstheHAPMphenolicsblockingagentinactualoildeposittrapeffectthroughthecoreexperiment.Theexperimentprovedthegelatinperformanceofthisblockingagentisgood,formationconditiongelatinsquick,thestabilityisgood,hascertainviscoelasticity,underthelowtemperatureconditiontheintensityisgood.Butreceivestheinorganicsaltinfluencetobebig,thereforeisnotsuitableforthehighhardnessindexstratum.Thecoreexperimentalsoprovedthatthisblockingagenthasthegoodtrapeffect,thetraprateishigh,isobvioustothepenetrationcoefficientlowstratumeffect.Keywords:pluggingagent;polyacrylamide;phenolicresin;inorganicsalt;jamratI目录第1章概述....................................................................................................................11.1油田生产中面临的出水问题...........................................................................11.2目前对于油田出水问题的解决方案................................................................21.3国内外堵水技术的发展及研究现状................................................................5第2章油田化学堵水剂................................................................................................82.1堵水类型划分及选井选层................................................................................82.2堵水剂的分类....................................................................................................92.3堵水机理研究..................................................................................................142.4评价堵水指标..................................................................................................20第3章HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂..................................................................................223.1聚合物性能特征..............................................................................................223.2聚丙烯酰胺的主要性质..................................................................................243.3HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂性质...........................................................................253.4HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂交联的反应原理.......................................................263.5HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂成胶性能的影响因素...............................................273.6HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂性能评价...................................................................27第4章对HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂的实验研究.........................................................294.1配制聚丙烯酰胺溶液......................................................................................294.2配制HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂并优选配方.....................................................304.3不同温度的影响..............................................................................................374.4无机盐对HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂成胶性能的影响研究.............................394.5岩心实验测堵剂堵塞率..................................................................................41结论..............................................................................................................................43参考文献........................................................................................................................44致谢..............................................................................................................................461第1章概述1.1油田生产中面临的出水问题1.1.1油井出水原因注水开发的油田,特别是复杂断块油田,开采一个阶段之后,由于地层是多层且为非均质的,随着注入油层水量的增加,使得注入剖面很不均匀。有的区块含水量很高,而有的区块则注水效果不明显,甚至有的区块注入水很快沿高渗透层突破,势必造成注入水在平面上向油井方向的舌进和在纵向上向高渗层的突进现象。特别是在开发后期,水对高渗透层的冲刷,油藏孔隙结构和物理参数将发生变化,提高了它的渗透率,使地层的非均质性进一步扩大,致使油井大量出水,产能降低。油井出水是油田开发过程中不可避免要遇到的问题。油井采出液所含的水来自注入的驱替水、储油区的边水、储油圈闭中油层以下的底水。因此减少油井出水在油田开采过程中显得非常重要[1]。1.1.2油井出水情况分类根据水的来源可将油井出水分为同层水和异层水(外来水)。注入水、边水和底水属同层水。由于油层的非均质性和油水的流度比不同,随着油水界面的前进,注入水及边水可能沿高渗透层不均匀前进,纵向上可能单层突进,横向可能形成指进。油层出现底水时,原油的产出可能破坏油水平衡关系,使游说界面在井底附近呈锥形升高,形成底水锥进。异层水又叫外来水,可分为上层水、下层水和夹层岁。油井固井质量差、套管损坏引起流体窜槽或误射水层是异层水引起油井出水的主要原因。对付异层水,在可能的情况下,应该采取将水层封死的方法。同层水进入油井是不可避免的。边水内渗、底水锥进、注采失调是注入水效率低、油井含水率上升、原油产量大幅度下降的根源。所以,对油井出水应及时采取措施,以达到少出水和降低含水率上升速度的目的。[1]1.1.3油井产水的危害我国油田普遍采用注水开发方式,油井出水是注水开发油田面临的一个严重问题,目前我国油田综合含水率随着注水开发的深入都有不同程度的升高。据统计,全国主要油田的综合含水率高达83%,而东部主要油田的综合含水率超过90%。2对于一个长期注水开发的油田来说,由于油藏平面和纵向的非均质性、油水粘度上的差异以及油水井组内的不平衡,势必造成注入水沿高渗透带向生产井突进、窜流,从而造成了后续的一系列危害。油井产水,对经济效益影响很大,消耗地层能量,减少油层最终采收率。某些高产井可能变为无工业价值的井。对于出水井,如不及时采取措施,地层中可能会出现水圈闭的死油区,注入水绕道而过,从而降低采收率,造成极大的浪费。同时,由于产水增加,必然会使地面的脱水费用增加。因此,对于油井出水采取增大排液量,以水带油的方法是不合算的。油井出水
本文标题:HPAM酚醛树脂堵水剂性能评价
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