M3U2++grammar+导学案(教师版)

江苏省栟茶高级中学高一英语导学案编写：孙利审核：袁再明M3U2LanguageGrammarandusage名词性从句一、连接词引导的名词性从句1.what,which,who,whom,whose等连接代词和when,where,why,how等连接副词可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句。1）主语从句Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁将赢得这场比赛还不得而知。Whereapersoncomesfromwillaffecthisorherstyleofspeech.一个人来自哪儿会影响他（她）说话的方式。2）宾语从句YoucanbegintoseewhyEnglishhassuchstrangerules!你会开始明白为什么英语有如此奇怪的规则！Healwaysthinksofhowhecanworkbetter.他总是在想怎样能把工作做得更好。3）表语从句Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。ThisiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.这就是为什么英语有如此多的让人迷惑的难的规则。4）同位语从句Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回家。Wehaven’tgotthenewswherethemeetingwillbeheld.会议将在哪儿召开，我们还没有得到消息。2.名词性从句的语序名词性从句总是用陈述语序，特别是当名词性从句由“疑问词”引导时，要注意不得使用倒装语序。Whatarepeoplefromthenorthsaying?→Peoplefromthesouthfinditdifficulttounderstand.=Peoplefromthesouthfinditdifficulttounderstandwhatpeoplefromthenorthsaying.3.主谓一致问题当主语为从句时，谓语动词一般使用单数形式；但当what引导主语从句且主句为“主系表”结构时，谓语动词单复数通常根据表语而定。Whatweneednowismoretime.现在我们需要的是更多的时间。Whatweneednowaremoreworkers.现在我们需要的是更多的工人。4.连接代词that与what的选择1）that和what都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分（主，宾，表）。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。1.Whathewantsisabook.2.Thathewantstogothereisobvious.3.Theresultisthatwewonthegame.4.Thisiswhatwewanttoknow.5.Iswhathetoldustrue?6.Weshouldpayattentiontowhattheteacherissaying.7.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcome.8.Ihavenoideawhathedidthatafternoon.２）选择that还是what主要取决于从句结构是否完整。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。（that江苏省栟茶高级中学高一英语导学案编写：孙利审核：袁再明引导宾语从句，其本身无实际意义。）Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。（what引导主语从句且在从句中充当tell的宾语）５.连接代词与连接副词的选择１）连接副词when，where,why,how等引导名词性从句时在从句中做状语。2）选择that还是连接副词主要取决于主句的逻辑意义。Ididn’tknowthatshegotangryatwhatIsaid.我不知道她因我所说的而生气了。Ididn’tknowwhyshegotangryatwhatIsaid,becauseIwasjusttellingthetruth.我不知道她为什么对我所说的生气，我只是实话实说而已。6.连接代词that的省略1）单个宾语从句中的that可省略Weallknow(that)thesunrisesintheeast.2）在“主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)”的句型中不省略Wemustmakeitclearthatweagreetothearrangement.3）两个并列的宾语从句,第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.4）当宾语从句做介词宾语时，that不可省略。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.7.同位语从句与定语从句1）能接同位语从句的名词有：fact,truth,information，news,idea,belief,hope,conclusion,problem,wish,promise,doubt,possibility,evidence,order,demand,desire,requirement,suggestion,advice,proposal等。其中表示“命令、要求、建议”的名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气,其结构为sb./sth.(should)dosth.或sth(should)bedone。他提出建议运动会推迟。Hecameupwiththesuggestionthatthesportsmeetingbeputoff.2）同位语从句常用that引导,也可根据含义选用when/where/why/how/whether等疑问词来引导。他提出一个问题运动会什么时候举行。Heraisedaquestionwhenthesportsmeetingwouldbeheld.3)同位语从句与定语从句的区别:Weareexcitedatthenewsthatwewonthegame.Weareexcitedatthenewsthatourteachertoldus.小结：1）定语从句是对先行词的修饰，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释说明，表明中心词的具体内容。2)定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当成分，且充当宾语时可省略。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。8.易错题精练1）Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor_C__Iaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how2)Thebosswassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_D__hesaidmeant.A.thatB.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhat3)“Is_D__youwanttosay?”askedtheteacher.A.thisB.thatC.allthatD.thatall4)---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice?江苏省栟茶高级中学高一英语导学案编写：孙利审核：袁再明---_C__Iwaslastnight.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What5)___shecouldn’tunderstandwas_A__fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that二、形式主语it1.当主语从句，动词不定式和动名词作主语时，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语置于句末。1）代替主语从句ThatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtodayiscertain.=ItiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtoday.现在，我们肯定不能理解古英语。WhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.=ItiseasytoanswerwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanginginthefuture.未来英语是否会继续变化，这个问题很容易回答。2）代替动词不定式Tolearnaforeignlanguageisachallengingtask.=Itisachallengingtasktolearnaforeignlanguage学习一门外语是一项具有挑战性的任务。TogainaccesstotheInternetisimportantforus.=ItisimportantforustogainaccesstotheInternet.能够上网对我们来说很重要。3）代替v-ing形式Wanderinginthecountrysideisfun.=Itisfunwanderinginthecountryside.在乡村漫步很有趣。TravellingtoBeijingtakesupalotofmytime.=IttakesupalotofmytimetravellingtoBeijing.去北京旅行占了我很多时间。注意：在Itisnogood/Itisnouse之后通常使用v-ing作真正的主语。Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.覆水难收。2.it用在seem,appear,happen,turnout,prove等词前面充当句子的形式主语。Itseemsthatheisenthusiasticaboutdrawing.=Heseemstobeenthusiasticaboutdrawing.他似乎对绘画很热衷。Ithappensthatmynewneighborcomesfrommyhometown.=Mynewneighborhappenstocomefrommyhometown.我的新邻居碰巧来自我的家乡。3.it用于“It+be+过去分词+主语从句”的句型中；常见过去分词有：announced,believed,expected,hoped,decided,reported,said,shown等。Itissaidthatawell-knownhostwillcometoourschool.=Awell-knownhostissaidtocometoourschool.据说一位著名主持人将来我们学校。巩固提升江苏省栟茶高级中学高一英语导学案编写：孙利审核：袁再明1.Bmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which2.ExpertsbelieveCpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.A.WhyB.whereC.thatD.what3.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellAcloseyoumaybetovictory.A.howB.thatC.whichD.where4.__C__oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever5.Itremainstobeseen__D__thenewly-formedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopract