水下冲击波的生物效应

232Vol.23,No.220033EXPLOSIONANDSHOCKWAVESMar.,2003:100121455(2003)0220134206X,,,,,,,,,,,(,400042)::,,,;,121.1142.0142.0214.3247.8322.6322.6579.8kPams:;;;:O383+.1;R846.2:1303599:A1,,[1]800,,,,,TNT,22.1TNTTNTTNT,0.20.51.0kg,314253mm,1.6430.005g/cm3(Á32mm11mm),502(242123C),,;,,,,,;,(3m)3m,2.2PCBV138M124,PCB138A05PCB138A010.3m,3.557.58.751012.515.017.5m24HP54540PCBF482A202.337,12,25,8.215.5kg1.5%X:2002203225;:2002206224:(01L067):(1938),,,(2030mg/kg),,3.517.5m,,3m,0.3m,0.2kgTNT1,0.5kgTNT4,1.0kgTNT12.4:(pm)+I+tr:6h:,6h,1.5%,,,33.111,,(),,(),,0.5kgTNT1,21Table1PhysicalparametersofblastwavesfromTNTunderwaterexplosion/m0.2kgTNTpm/MPa/sI/(kPams)t/s0.5kgTNTpm/MPa/sI/(kPams)t/s1.0kgTNTpm/MPa/sI/(kPams)t/s3.517.119332.8539.85.65.024.6570.211243.79.2347.89.35.92.626.8370.092243.811.3578.910.52.91.17.512.871161.0193.06.644.2170.063166.24.0322.64.35.82.515.336168.9470.04.08.7512.432132.4146.33.033.4010.027141.50.3247.80.93.10.210.043.0030.041129.04.6214.23.57.01.713.873129.8297.77.812.542.2920.050101.83.1142.01.96.61.813.102100.8190.03.415.021.8200.10081.85.391.72.85.02.312.38884.4121.13.217.521.6140.00368.83.473.104.42.312.05943.0106.07.53.2237,12,6h12,10,27.03%,0.20.51.0kgTNT58.7512.5m2()5311:10.5kgTNTFig.1Thetestingwaveformsof0.5kgTNTunderwaterexplosionatdifferentdistancesfromexplosioncenter20.5kgTNT5mFig.2Thetestingwaveformsof0.5kgTNTunderwaterexplosionat5mfromexplosioncenter2Table2Theoccurrencefrequencyofsurvivalanddeathforunderwaterblastinjury/m0.2kgTNT0.5kgTNT1.0kgTNT3.52025.02112027.52204222118.7522032110.04311)11012.54402022)15.022022017.52201101)();2)13.335:,(3),,,83.78%,56.75%,,,30.2kgTNTTable3Severityandincidenceofinjuriesinlungandintestinaltractfrom0.2kgTNTunderwaterexplosion/m-++++++++++-++++++++++/%xs-++++++-++++++3.520000020000023.450.2500020100105.020000020000202.250.0710010001107.520001100020001.250.2120000001108.7521001002000000.980.022000020000:-,,+,++,+++,++++,6312340.5kgTNTTable4Severityandincidenceofinjuriesinlungandintestinaltractfrom0.5kgTNTunderwaterexplosion/m-++++++++++-++++++++++/(%)-++++++-++++++5.020000020000023.90.100110000207.540000130012102.00.7(n=3)30010002208.7530001111000201.961.1201002010010.040013003010000.920.23(n=3)301003010012.542110004000000.750.1(n=3)400004000015.022000002000000.650.1200002000017.521001002000000.71(n=1)200002000051.0kgTNTTable5Severityandincidenceofinjuriesinlungandintestinaltractfrom1.0kgTNTunderwaterexplosion/m-++++++++++-++++++++++/%xs-++++++-++++++7.520000020000113.40.71110000020010.010000010000102.8100000010012.520001100020001.30.28100100020015.020110002000000.920.01200002000017.510000100010001.500100001003Fig.3Extremityseverepulmonaryhemorrhageandseverepulmonavyedema:27(3.0cm2.8cm,4),,29.73%,(5),51.35%,1,:1,1,5,3,1,144.1,,,7311:,;,,[2],,4Fig.4Stomachperforation4.2,TNT,200[3],3[1]0.20.51.0TNT58.7512.5m,0.5kgTNT40kgTNT8.0m[4],Richmond[5]0.5kg7m,TNT,,121.1142.0142.0214.3247.8322.6322.6579.85Fig.5SubseroushematomaandruptureofserosaincolontransversumkPams,4.3,,:(1),,(2)(83.7%),,,,,(3)1,29.73%,51.35%,,,[1](4),31,,,(5),83123[6]2,,(),4.4,,,,,,,,,,:[1]PhillipsYY,ZaitchukJ.Themanagementofprimaryblastinjury[A].BellamyRF,ZaitchukK.ConventionalWarfareBallistics,BlastandBurninjuriesTextbookofMilitaryMedicine(Part1,Vol5)[M].WashingtonD.C:OfficeoftheSurgeonGeneralDeptoftheArmy,1991:231232;258260.[2],,.[M].:,1998:97.[3].[M].:,1983:7778.[4],,.[J].,1983;8(3):180183.WANGZheng2guo,ZHENGShi2gang,WUHe2ping.Phthologyofblastinjuriestothelungs[J].MedicalJournalofChi2nesePeoplesLiberationArmy,1983,8(3):180183.[5]RichmondDR,AxelssonH.Airblastandunderwaterblaststudieswithanimals[J].JournalofTrauma,1990,6(2,su2plement):229234.[6],,,.[J].,1992,14(2):179181.YANGZhi2huan,TANGCheng2gong,WANGZheng2guo,etal.Characteristicsofinjuriesinducedbyweakblastwaves[J].AcademicJournalofThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,1992,14(2):179181.Bio2effectsofunderwaterblastwavesYANGZhi2huan,ZHUPei2fang,JIANGJian2xin,YINZhi2yong,ZHOUJi2hong,LIXiao2yan,NINGXin,LIUDA2wei,FENGGang,ZHANGLiang,ZHANGXiu2xiu,YANGZhai2liang(ResearchInstituteofSurgery,DapingHospital,TheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400042,China)Abstract:Thisexperimentwasintendedtoinvestigatebio2effectsofunderwaterblastwaves.Theexperi2mentalresultsshowahighmortalityrateintestedanimals.Thelungisstillthemaintargetorganinflictedinjuryanddeath,asshockedbyunderwaterblastwaves.Thereisalsoahigherincidenceofintestinalin2juries,howevertheparenchymalorganssuchliver,spleen,kidneyandotherswerelessinjured.Theanaly2sisbasedonthedose2effectrelationshipindicatesthattheimpulsedosestoinducemild,moderate,severeandextremelysevereblastinjuriesare121.1142.0,142.0214.3,247.8322.6and322.6579.8kPamsrespectively.Theaboveresultsaresignificantfortheearlytreatmentsandpreventionofunderwa2terblastinjuries.Keywords:mechanicsofexplosion;bio2effectofblastwave;underwaterexplosion;blastinjury9311: