Chapter7进出口商品检验与检疫Commodityinspectionandquarantine

L/O/G/OChapter7CommodityInspection&Quarantine案例•我国某制造厂进口一套设备，合同规定，货到后，由中国商检局进行检验，合同还明确规定：卖方提供的是“全新设备”。在到货检验安装过程中，发现设备中部分部件有使用过的痕迹，于是凭商检局出具的商检证书向外商索赔。起初，外商矢口否认其提供的设备有问题，拒绝理赔。后来，中方邀请外商的总裁来现场看货，经中方强调合同中订有“全新设备”条款和中国商检局出具的证明是有效的。在中方有理有据的情况下，外商终于赔偿买方50万美元。启示•通过上述案例，说明进出口货物检验的重要性，只要在买卖合同中明确合理地规定检验条款，并按约定的条款认真检验，一旦发现货物不符合同规定，即可凭检验证明向责任方索赔，以维护合同当事人的合法权益。I.IntroductiontoI&QIninternationaltrade,inspectioninstitutionsmustusu.examinethequality,quantity,packing,etc.ofthegoodsdeliveredbythesellertomakesurewhetherthegoodsareinconformitywiththestipulationsofthecontractandL/C,orinspectsafetyandsanitationconditions(卫生条件),environmentalandlaborprotectionconditionsastothegoods,orquarantineplantsandanimals(动植物检疫)inaccordancewiththerelativelawsanddecreesofthecountry.•Receiptmeansthatthegoodshavecomeintothecontrolofthebuyerwithoutownershiporagreementtoanyaspectofthegoods.•Acceptancemeansthatthebuyerhasthecontrolofthegoodswithconsentregardingthegoodsdelivered.Receiptandacceptance•Receiptdoesnotmeanacceptanceandacceptancemeansmorethanreceipt.Buyersareentitledtohavetherighttoinspectthegoodsbeforeacceptanceofthegoods.Therealizationofdeliveryofthegoodswillgothrough3steps:1.Delivery2.Inspectionorexamination3.Acceptanceorrejection•abuyerusuallyacceptthegoodshehasreceivedafterhemakeinspectiononthegoodsandconfirmthatthegoodsareinconformitywiththecontract.Acceptance•Acceptancegenerallycanbemadeby:–expressingstatementofacceptance;–orgivingnorejectionafterareasonabletime.Ifabuyerdoesnotintendtoacceptthegoodshehasreceived,heshouldgiveaclearrejectionwithinareasonabletimeandshouldnotdisposethegoodsagainsttheseller’sownership.•Buyer:abuyerwantstomakecertainthatthegoodsdeliveredtohimareexactlythegoodsdescribedbythecontracthehassignedwiththeseller.ReasonsofInspection•Seller:–firstly,asellerwantstocontrolthequalityofthegoodssothathiscredibilitywillnotbedamagedandthemarketwillbedeveloped.–Secondly,asellerwantstoprovewithaninspectiondocumentthatthegoodsdeliveredhavemettherelevantcontracttermssothathewillnotberesponsibleforanyproblemsinthegoodsafterdelivery.ReasonsofInspectionReasonsofinspection•Certainimport&exportcommoditiesaresubjecttomandatoryinspection(强制检验)underacountry’slawsandregulations,andcannotbeexemptedfrominspection(免检),eveniftheimporterorexporterwantstoapplyforanexemption.2.Inspectioninstitution3.Certificateofinspection4.Inspectionclauses1.TimeandplaceofinspectionII.Inspectionofcommodity•Ingeneral,therearefourwaystostipulatetheplaceandtimeofinspectionofqualityandquantity.1.Timeandplaceofinspection1)tomakeinspectionintheexportcountry2)tomakeinspectionintheimportcountry3)tomakeinspectionintheexportcountry,re-inspectionintheimportcountry4)tomakeweightinspectionattheport/placeofshipment,qualityinspectionattheport/placeofdestination1.TimeandplaceofinspectionInspectionofgoods1)tomakeinspectionintheexportcountry•Withthismethod,thegoodscanbeinspectedattheseller’sfactoryorattheportofshipment-Shippingqualityandquantity(离岸品质、离岸重量).•Suchanarrangementwillensuretheshipmentofqualifiedgoodsandthereforemayrelievetheselleroffurtherresponsibilitiesforthequalityandquantity.Inspectionofgoods2)tomakeinspectionintheimportcountry•suchinspectioniscarriedoutwhenthegoodshavelandedtheimportingcountry,suchasatthebuyer’splaceorattheportofdestination-Landedqualityandquantity(到岸品质、到岸重量).•Underarrivaldeliverytermstheriskswillpasstothebuyeronlyintheimportingcountryandthesellerhastheresponsibilitytodeliverconforminggoodswhentheriskspassover.Inspectionofgoods3)Inspectionattheportofshipmentandre-inspectionattheportofdestination•Withthismethodofinspection,theinspectioncertificatefromtheportofshipmentwillbeusedasoneofthedocumentsforthesellertonegotiatepayment.•Butthebuyerretainstherighttore-inspectthegoodsandtoclaimforcompensationifthemerchandiseisnotinconformitywiththecontract.•Thisisacommonmethodusedinpractice.Inspectionofgoods4)Shippingquantityandlandedquality•Weightinspectionattheport/placeofshipmentismadebytheseller,qualityinspectionattheport/placeofdestinationismadebythebuyer•Shippingweightandlandedquality(离岸重量、到岸品质)2.Commodityinspectioninstitution1)thetypeofCommodityinspectioninstitution2)CommodityinspectioninstitutioninChinaanditsduty•Therearemainlythreetypesofinspectionagencies:①state/officialinspectionagencies②semi-officialinspectionagencies③privateinspectioncompanies1)thetypeofCommodityinspectioninstitution•ChinaFoodandDrugAdministration(国家食品药品监督管理总局)•U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)•Theseagenciesareprimarilyregulatorsbutarealsoresponsiblefortheinspectionofcertainveryimportantgoods.①stateinspectionagencies•ExamplesofsuchinspectioncompaniesincludeUnderwritersLaboratoryoftheU.S.(美国保险人实验室),Lloyd’sSurveyoroftheUK(英国劳合氏公证行),andChinaNationalImport---ExportCommoditiesInspectionCorporation,whoseinspectionresultscanbesemi-officialduetogovernmentauthorization.②semi-officialinspectionagencies•Mostoftheinspectionagenciesintheworldareprivatelyrunindependentcompanies.瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司（SocieteGeneralDeSurveilance)日本海外货物检验株式会社（OMIC）③Privateinspectioncompanies•GeneralAdministra