2015考研英语大纲附录

一．常用前后缀1、常用前缀aero-：concerningtheairofaircraft空气的；空中的；飞行器的plane-aeroplane飞机space-aerospace航空空间anti-：against；oppositeof反；反对nuclear-antinuclear反对核武器的matter-antimatter反物质war-antiwar反战的auto-：oforbyoneself自己（的）；无人操作（的）biography传记–autobiography自传criticism批评-autocriticism自我反省be-：totreatasthestatedthing把…当作；使…变成friend-befriend以朋友的方式对待；照顾little-belittle使显得微小，轻视、贬低bi-：two；twice；double二；两次；双倍；双lingual-bilingual双语的；人cycle-bicyclebio-：concerninglivingthings生物的；人生的chemistry-biochemistry生化sphere-biosphere生物圈by-，bye-：lessimportant次要的produce-by-produceway-byway偏僻小路；学科的次要领域，冷门centi-：hundredthpart百分之一grade-centigradeˈ摄氏meter-centimeter厘米co-：together，with和…一起；共同；联合author-coauthor合著者，合著exist-coexist同时共存、和平共处col-：(usedbeforel)together，with(在l前)和…一起；共同；联合location-collocation排列，配置，词的搭配com-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)together，with(在b,m,p前)和…一起；共同；联合passion-compassion怜悯、同情con-：together，with和…一起；共同；联合centric-concentric同一中心的、同轴federation-confederation结盟同盟，联邦contra-：opposite反对；相反diction-contradiction矛盾、否定反驳natural-contranatural违背自然的cor-：(usedbeforer)together，with(在r前)和…一起；共同；联合relate-correlate有相关性respond-correspond相符合相一致，相当类似通信counter-：opposite逆；反对；相反；对立act-counteract对抗、抵消attack-counterattack反攻、反击cross-：across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem横过；两事物间的运动country-crosscountry越野的breed-crossbreed杂种，使杂交de-：showinganopposite；toremove；toreduce…的反义；除掉；去掉code-decode译码、解码、分析电子信号value-devalue贬值，贬低dis-：not；theoppositeof不；非；相反；相对advantage-disadvantage不利、劣势、短处agree-disagree不同意、不一致、不适合honest-dishonest不诚实、不老实em-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)tocausetobecome(在b，m，p前)使，使成为body-embody表现、象征；包括、包含power-empower授权、准许en-：tocausetobecome；tomake使，使成为danger-endanger危及、使遭受危险large-enlarge扩大、扩充放大ex-：former(andstillliving)前任minister-ex-ministerv辅助;服侍,部长wife-ex-wife前妻extra-：outside；beyond在…之外；超出curricular-extracurricular学校课程以外的ordinary-extraordinary奇怪；特别；额外，临时fore-：inadvance，before；inoratthefront先于；预先arm-forearm前臂，预先武装warn-forewarn预先警告；事先告知il-：(usedbeforel)not（在l前）不；非；相反的legal-illegal非法literate-illiterate目不识丁、文盲的im-：(usedbeforeb，m，p)not（在b，m，p前）不；非；相反的moral-immoral不道德、邪恶；放荡的possible-impossible不可能、办不到的；很难接受in-：not不；非；相反的direct-indirect间接地，婉转的sensitive-insensitive感觉迟钝，不友好的；麻木infra-：belowinarange；beyond低于（或超出）某限度的red-infrared红外线的structure—infrastructure基础设施，基础结构inter-：between；among在…之间；从此到彼；相互change—interchange互换、互易；交替变换national—international国际的intra-：inside，within；into在（…）里；在（…）内city—intracity市内的department--intra-departmentir-：（usedbeforer）not（在r前）不，非；相反regular—irregular不对称、不规则的；不定期的responsible—irresponsible不负责kilo-：thousand千gram—kilogram千克meter--kilometer千米macro-：large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan大的；宏观的；大规模的particularpartsofeconomics—macroeconomics宏观经济学structure—macrostructure宏观结构mal-：badorbadly糟糕；坏function—malfunction故障，障碍treat—maltreat虐待、滥用micro-：extremelysmall微小的；规模小的computer—microcomputer微机electronics—microelectronics微电子学mid-：middle居中；在中间day—midday中午night—midnight午夜mini-：small；short小的；短的bus—minibus小汽车skirt—miniskirt超短裙mis-：badorbadly；wrongorwrongly坏（或错）的；糟糕（或错误）地fortune—misfortune不幸，厄运；灾难、灾祸understand—misunderstand误会误解mono-：one；single单；单一plane—monoplane单翼机tone—monotone单调的multi-：morethanone；many多个；许多purpose—multipurpose多种用途的，多目标national—multinational多国的，跨国公司non-：not无；没有resident--non(-)resident〉①不住在某地的②(指工作)不要求任职者住在工作地点的；不住在旅馆等中的sense—nonsense胡说，无聊的事物out-：outside；beyond在外面；超越；超过live--outlive比(某人)长寿;活到(某事)已被遗忘door—outdoor户外的露天over-：toomuch；above；additional太；过于；上方；额外head--overhead离地面的;头顶上的;上空的,架空的time--overtime超出的时间;额外的时间费poly-：many多；复centric—polycentric多中心的syllabic—polysyllabic多音节的post-：laterthan；after后；以后graduate—postgraduate研究生的，生war—postwar战后的pre-：before；inadvance先于；在…前pay—prepay预付war—prewar战前的，在战前pro-：infavorof，supporting拥护；支持；亲America--pro-Americaabortion--pro-abortion早产pseudo-：notreal；false假的；伪的；冒牌的name—pseudonym假名，化名；笔名science—pseudoscience伪科学re-：again；backtotheformerstate又；再；重新unite—reunite重聚，再联合use—reuse再用self-：bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to，with，for，orin滋生的；对自身；自由身oneselforitselfemployed--self-employedtaught--self-taughtsemi-：half；partly半；部分circle—semicircle半圆形final—semifinal半决赛step-：notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried（因父母再婚而构成的亲缘关系）继…mother—stepmother继母children—stepchildren养子sub-：under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbiggerwhole在…下面（或底下）；次于；分支；分部；分divide—subdivide再分，细分section--subsection分部,分段,小部分,小单位,细分super-：more，larger，greaterthanusual极；超；超级market—supermarket超市natural—supernatural超自然的，超自然的现象tele-：atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevision远距离的；电视的communication—telecommunication电信screen--telescreentherm(o)-：concerningheat热的chemistry--thermochemistrymeter—thermometer温度计trans-:across,onortotheothersideof;between横穿；通过；超越Atlantic-transatlantic电视屏幕,荧光屏plant-transplant移植tri-:three;threetimes三；有三的angular-triangular三角cycle-tricycle三轮车,机器三轮车ultra-:beyond;very,extremely超过某限度；极modern-ultramodern超现代化的sound-ultrasound超声，超声波un-:not不；未；非；反certain-uncertain不确定的fortunate-unfortunate不幸的，不幸的人under-:toolittle;below（年龄）较小；（级别）较低；在下面，在…之下develop-underdevelop(使)发展不完全,(使)显影不足sea-undersea海面下的uni-:one,singer单；独；一form-uniform制服，相同的，清一色的directional-unidirectional单向的，单向性的vice-:nextinthe