3词语的选择.

时尚英语词汇•微博•山寨•异地恋•剩女•熟女•裸婚•百搭•限时抢购•水货•microblog•Copycat•long-distancerelationship•3Slady（single，seventies,stuck）/leftgirls•cougar（CougarClub）•nakedwedding•all-match•flashsale•smuggledgoods•团购•发烧友•骨感美女•卡奴•性感妈妈•亚健康•灵魂伴侣•小白脸•精神出轨•人肉搜索•钻石王老五•groupbuying•Fancier•boneybeauty•cardslave•yummymummy•sub-health•soulmate•toyboy•soulinfidelity•fleshsearch•diamondbachelor•学历造假•散伙饭•具有时效性的•录取分数线•经适房•家庭主男•小白脸，吃软饭的•二奶•另类•菜鸟•裸奔•fabricateacademiccredentials•farewelldinner•time-efficient•admissionscores•affordablehousing•house-husband•keptman•keptwoman•offbeat•rookie•streaking第三章词语的选择•语言的形式与意义之间的关系可粗略划分成以下三种：F1→M1;F1→Mx;Fx→M1（F代表形式，M代表意义，x＞1）•明辨词义不仅是翻译的起点，而且也是翻译的基础和关键环节。用词错误往往会影响整个句子、乃至整篇文章的意思，正所谓“差之毫厘，谬以千里。”•Operate：Hetookthemachinetopiecestotryandfindouthowitoperated.他把机器拆开，想看看机器怎么运转的。Ifthere’sanelectricalfailure,it’spossibletooperatetheliftmanually.如果停电，可以由人力开动电梯。Changesarebeingintroducedtomakethedepartmentoperatemoreefficiently.变革正在进行，以提高部门的工作效率。Speciallyequippedtroopsareoperatingundercoveractivitiesinthehills.专门部队在山上进行秘密训练。Wehaverepresentativesoperatinginmostcountries.我们在许多国家都有代理开展业务。Exchangeratesarecurrentlyoperatingtotheadvantageofexports.目前的汇率走势对出口有利。Destructiveforcesareclearlyoperatingwithinthecommunity.显然社区中有破坏势力在活动。•发展是硬道理。Developmentistheabsolute/cardinal/primaryprinciple.•假日经济在我国已经呈现出广阔的发展前景。Theholidayeconomypromisesremarkablegrowth.Theholidayeconomyholdsgreatpromiseofgrowth.Theholidayeconomyhasremarkablepotentialforgrowth.Theholidayeconomyhastheprospectofremarkablegrowth.英译汉中常用的确定词义的手段一、根据词语搭配和上下文选择词义–HereachedhishandoutforthebookIofferedhim.•他伸出手来接我给他的书。–Wetriedtoreachthembycable.•我们试着用电报跟他们联络。–Shereachedupandpickedapearoffabranch.•她抬起手从一根枝上摘下一只梨。–Thespeaker'svoicecouldn'treachtothebackoftheauditorium.•礼堂后排听不到演讲人的声音。–Theinsecticidewasputoutofthechild'sreach.•杀虫剂放在孩子够不着的地方。–TheupperreachesofMinjiangRiverservesasecologicalbarriersofSichuanProvinceandeventhewestofChina.•岷江上游是四川省乃至我国西南重要的生态屏障1.Wehadagrandviewofaseaofcloudswhenweclimbedtothetopofthemountain.当我们爬上了山巅时，看到了云海的壮观景象。2.Wemustdoawaywiththegrandiosestyleofwork.我们必须摈弃浮夸的工作作风。3.Itisindeedthemostmagnificentdrawing-roomIhaveeverseen.那的确是我所见到的最豪华的客厅。4.ThebuildingsaroundtheCircusarerathernondescript,thoughsomeofthemarelargeandquiteimposing.广场周围的建筑物并不起眼，不过其中有一些还比较高大、宏伟。5.Wheneverthestatelynationalanthemisperformed,Iaminvariablyemotionallyroused.每当奏起庄严的国歌时，我总在感情上受到激发。1.集中精力把经济建设搞上去goalloutforeconomicdevelopment2.坚持对话,不搞对抗persistindialogue,refrainfromconfrontation3.不搞劳民伤财的“形象工程”refrainfrombuilding“vanityprojects”thatwastebothmoneyandmanpower4.对内搞活，对外开放revitalizedomesticeconomy,openuptotheoutsideworld5.恶搞spoof6.搞花架子dosomethingsuperficial7.搞活国营大中型企业invigoratelargeandmedium-sizedstate-ownedenterprises8.更加注重搞好宏观调控paymoreattentiontoexercisingmacro-control9.开放搞活openupandenliventheeconomy10.靠扩大财政赤字搞建设increasethedeficittospendmoreondevelopment•11）Withtheinventionofwriting,agreatadvancewasmade,forknowledgecouldthenbenotonlycommunicatedbutalsostored,librariesmadeeducationpossible,andeducationinitsturnaddedtolibraries.•译文：由于文字的发明，人类取得了巨大的进步，因为此时知识不仅可以交流，而且可以储存。图书为开展教育活动提供了可能性，而教育又反过来增加了图书的数量和内容。develop=发展?•Hisplanedevelopedenginetroubleonlysevenmilesaftertake-off.•他的飞机起飞后只飞行了七英里就发生了机械故障。•Modernaircraftaresoheavythatthewingsmustdevelopaverylargelifeforceinordertosustaintheaircraft.•现代飞机很重，机翼必须产生很大的升力才能保持飞机在空中飞行。•Mostofthemoneycamefromsellingthesecretofanewtypeofpotatohehaddeveloped.•大部分钱是靠出售他培育土豆新品种的秘方得来的。•Asearlyashissecondfilm,Chaplinhaddevelopedhisownmannerofacting,theonethatwastobecomeworldfamous.•早在卓别林演第二部电影时，他就已形成了自己的表演风格，这就是他后来闻名于世的那种表演风格。•Itisbelievedthatbeforewritingwasdeveloped,peopleinChinausedtokeeprecordsbyputtinganumberofstonestogether.•人们认为，在出现书写之前，中国人常把石头放在一起来记事。•Somemarriedpeoplewhoarenotsatisfiedwiththeirfamilymayresorttotheinternettodevelopanextramaritalaffair.•一些对家庭不满意的已婚男女也会借助互联网去搞婚外恋。•Photographersreturnandthephotosarequicklydeveloped.•摄影记者回来了，很快把照片冲洗好了。•Indevelopingadesign,theengineermustapplyhisknowledgeofengineeringandmaterialscience.•在进行设计时，工程师必须应用自己在工程学和材料学方面的知识。•Whilepeopleinothercountriesintheworldweretryingtocatchwildanimalsandbirdsandwerestillcollectingseedsandnuts,farmersinChinaweredevelopingthescienceofagriculture.•当世界上其他国家还在捕猎飞禽走兽、采集种子坚果的时候，中国农民就已经在从事农业科技研究了。二、根据词语搭配和上下文变通词义词义引申的手段词义的转化词义的具体化词义的抽象化1、词义的转化1）Thefactorswhicharelikelytoinfluenceinvestmentspendingdonotstophere.译：可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。2）Whetheryoulikeitornot,globalizationisheretostay.Wearenotgoingtoreversethetrend.译：不管你对它的态度如何，经济全球化已成为我们生活的一部分，这个趋势不可逆转。3）Ourproducts,ifmaintainedproperlyandregularly,canatleastseetwentyyears’service.译：我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用20年。4）That’satallstoryaboutthetown’shighstreet.译:有关这城主街的说法是在令人难以置信。2、词义的具体化1)Thereismoretotheirlifethanpoliticalandsocialandeconomicproblem,morethantransienteverydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。2)Thefactoryisfamousforitsarsenaloftechnicalgeniuses.这家工厂以拥有众多技术精英而著称。3)Ouruniqueconceptwasaresponsetobuyerneeds,bringinggreaterreliability,higher-qualityoutput,exceptionaluser-friendlinessandoperationalease.我们唯一的信念就是要适应购买者的需要，生产更可靠的、质量更高的