68古代文化6-10单元翻译练习

1古代文化6-10单元翻译练习jUnit61.不论什么时候在任何国家，婚礼都被认为是一个人一生中最重要的仪式。虽然中国的婚俗在不断地变化与发展，但是婚礼中创造的庄重、热情、欢乐和吉祥的气氛却一直未变。因为中国拥有56个民族，因此婚俗也成为民族文化中一个重要的组成部分。随着社会的进步和人们思想的改变，在中国自由恋爱日渐流行。因此目前的婚礼习俗已不如传统的那样复杂。【译文】Atalltimesandinallcountries,theweddingceremonyisconsideredtobethegreatestritualofanyone’sentirelife.AlthoughChinesemarriagecustomsarechanginganddevelopingallthetime,theatmospherecreatedduringtheweddingisunchanged—beingceremonious/solemn,enthusiastic,joyfulandauspicious（吉祥的）.BecauseChinaconsistsof56ethnicgroups,Chinesemarriagecustomsareanimportantpartofthecountry'sfolk/nationalculture.However,alongwiththeprogressofsocietyandthetransformationofpeople'smind,freelovehasbecomeincreasinglypopularinChina,socurrentChinesemarriagecustomsarenotascomplicatedasthetraditionalones.2.中国龙是吉祥的(auspicious)生灵，象征着力量、智慧、好运和掌控风和水的威力。龙被尊崇为雨神，在干旱或水灾发生时，人们会去当地的龙王庙烧香（incense）祈求情况的好转。龙对雨水和海浪的控制也和其在12生肖中的地位密切相关。这12种动物的顺序是按各自最活跃的时间点确定的。龙对应于7点至9点，此时最有可能会雾气蒙蒙，而龙却能腾云驾雾。【译文】TheChinesedragonisanauspiciouscreature,symbolizingstrength,wisdom,goodluckandpowerovertheelementsofwindandwater.ThedragonwasworshipedastheGodofRain,andintimesofdroughtorflooding,peoplewouldvisitalocaldragon-kingtempleandburnincensetoprayformorefavorableconditions.Thedragon’spowertocontrolrainandwavesisalsocloselyrelatedtoitsrankinthe12zodiacanimals.Thesequenceofthe12animalsisdeterminedbythetimeofdaywheneachanimalismostactive.Thedragoncorrespondsto7amto9am,whenitismostlikelytobefoggy,allowingthedragontorideatopcloudsandmist.Unit71.北京是中国四大古都之一，其起源可以追溯到2000多年前。元代，北京在历史上首次成为国家的政治中心。后来，在明清时期得以重建和扩张。北京老城的体系包括4个层次：外城、内城、皇城和紫禁城。整个城市围绕故宫的南北轴线而建，结构対称(symmetrically)。其设计体现了传统建筑的风水原则，实现了人与自然之间的最大和谐。【译文】BeijingisoneofthefourancientcitiesinChina,whoseoriginscanbetracedbacktoover2,000yearsago.IntheYuanDynasty,forthefirsttimeinhistoryitbecamethepoliticalcenterofthecountry.ThecitywaslaterrebuiltandexpandedintheMingandQingDynasties.ThesystemofBeijing’soldtowncomprises4levels:OuterCity,InnerCity,ImperialCityandForbiddenCity.Thewholecitywasconstructedsymmetricallyaroundanorth-southaxiscenteringontheImperialPalace.ItwasdesignedaccordingtothetraditionalarchitecturalprinciplesofFengShuitoachievemaximumharmonybetweenmanandnature.2.胡同即狭窄的街道或巷子，在中国北方的城市很常见，其中又以北京的胡同最为著名。在北京，很多街区是这样形成的：四合院(Chinesequadrangle)彼此相连形成胡同，进而胡同彼此相连形成街区。由于北京悠久的历史和六朝古都的地位，几乎每个胡同都有其轶事趣闻(anecdotes)，一些胡同甚至还与历史事件紧密相关。与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和精英文化(eliteculture)相比，胡同反映了北京的平民文化。【译文】Hutongsareatypeofnarrowstreetsoralleys,frequentlyseeninnorthernChinesecities,mostprominentlyBeijing.InBeijing,manyneighborhoodswereformedbyjoiningoneChinesequadrangle(siheyuan)toanothertoformahutong,andthenjoiningonehutongtoanother.ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryandstatusasthecapitalforsixdynasties,almosteveryhutonghasitsanecdotes,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.IncontrasttothecourtlifeandeliteculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,theSummerPalaceandtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.2Unit81.书法作品跟舞蹈艺术一样可以展现肢体和动作的美感。相互之间能吸收灵感。张旭，唐代草书（cursive-scriptcalligraphy）大家，以韵律独特和风格豪放而著称。传说，他从舞蹈名家公孙的一支舞蹈中得到启发，书法大有长进。舞者通过独特的节奏和利落的动作展示了诸如活泼、喜悦、悲伤、愤怒、渴望、需求、勇气和灵感等多种魅力和和情感。张旭草书、李白诗歌和裴旻剑舞被当朝皇帝誉为三绝。【译文】Calligraphicworkscandemonstratethebeautyofboththebodyandmovement,liketheartofdance.Theycanabsorbinspirationfromeachother.ZhangXu,acursive-scriptcalligraphymasteroftheTangDynasty,wasfamousfordistinctiverhythmsandawildstyle.LegendsaysthathemadeswiftprogressinhiscalligraphyafterhegotinspirationfromadanceperformedbythefamousdancerGongsun.Throughdistinctiverhythmsandneatmovements,thedancerdemonstratesvariouskindsofcharmsandemotionssuchasvividness,joy,sadness,anger,aspiration,demand,boldnessandinspiration.Thecursive-scriptcalligraphicworksbyZhangXu,thepoemsbyLiBaiandthesworddancebyPeiMinwerepraisedasthethreewondersbytheemperoroftheirtime.2.围棋是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(boardgame)。围棋四千多年前起源于中国，在一千多年前就先后传到朝鲜半岛（peninsula）和日本，为东北亚人们普遍喜爱。围棋不仅是竞赛项目，也是一种游戏活动，是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。【译文】Weiqi/Goisastrategicboardgamebetweentwoplayers.ItoriginatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.ItwasintroducedtotheKoreanpeninsulaandJapanover1,000yearsago,andhassincebecomepopularwithpeopleinEasternAsia.Weiqiisnotonlyacompetitiveeventbutalsoagameofentertainment，agamethatcombinesscience,artandcompetition.TherulesofWeiqiareverysimplebuttherearecountlessvariationsofstrategies.Thisiswherethecharmofthegamelies.It’sbeneficialforintelligencedevelopment,personalitycultivationandflexiblestrategylearning.Unit91.重视教育和尊敬师长是中国悠久的传统美德。三千年前的周代，国家设立了不同规模不同层次的学校，由官员兼任教师。春秋时期，孔子开办了私学，并提出人无论贵贱都有受教育的权利。对教育的重视决定了教师的地位。中国民间有许多尊师的说法，如“一日为师，终生为父”。现在，中国还把每年的9月10日定（designated）为“教师节”。【译文】Itisalong-standingtraditionalvirtuetovalueeducationandrespectteachersinChina.Threethousandyearsago,intheZhouDynasty,thegovernmentsetupschoolsofdifferentscalesandlevelswithofficersasteachers.IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,Confuciusevenranprivateschoolswithaslogan(口号)thateveryone,richorpoor,hadtherighttoreceiveeducation.Respectforeducationdeterminesthestatusofteachers.Therearealotofsayingsthatshowrespecttowar