基于ProE及ANSYS的轻型载货汽车车架结构设计与静力学分析

I摘要车架工作状态比较复杂，无法用简单的数学方法对其进行准确的分析计算，而采用有限元方法可以对车架的静动态特性进行较为准确的分析，从而使车架设计从经验设计进入到科学设计阶段。首先确定轻型货车的总体布置形式，在此基础上选择各总成的相关参数。然后初选车架横、纵梁的尺寸参数，运用材料力学对车架进行强度与刚度校核。经过优化完成对车架的结构设计。其次，运用Pro/E软件建立车架三维模型。在满足结构力学特征的前提下，对车架结构进行了保留主要承载横梁的简化。最后，使用有限元分析软件ANSYS12.0从弯曲和扭转两大方向对车架进行强度、刚度分析。结合车架工作实际，对其进行了满载、前侧偏载、单侧偏载和单侧扭转、双侧扭转等工况的分析及对比，保证了车架结构满足实际使用要求。关键词：车架；Pro/E；ANSYS；强度；刚度IIABSTRACTInaddition,theworkconditionofcarriercarisextremelybad,andstressconditionisalsocomplex,itisunabletousesimplemathematicalmethodforaccurateanalysisofthecalculation,andthefiniteelementmethodcanbeusedtoanalyzethestaticanddynamicperformanceoftheframemoreaccurately,sothatthedesignofframewillgofromtheexperiencedesignintothescientificdesignstage.Firstly,theoveralllayoutofLGVisdetermined,onthisbasis,selectedparametersofeveryassembly.Thenbeamsandstringers’dimensionsoftheframeareselected,thestrengthandstiffnessontheframearecheckedbyMechanicsofMaterials.Afterall,theframeisdesignedafterfeedback.Secondly,the3DmodeliscreatedusedPro/E.Infaithfulofthestructure’smechanicalcharacteristics,itisnecessarytosimplifythegeometry.Finally,ontwodirectionsofthebendingandthereversetoanalyzethestrengthandstiffnessontheframeusedANSYS12.0.Withtheframe’sactualworkcharacteristics,theframeisanalyzedunderthefull,thefrontsideofthepartialload,theunilateralpartialloadandtheunilateralreverse,thereversesidesconditions,guaranteetheframestructuremeetthemechanicalrequirements.Keywords：Frame;Pro/E;ANASYS;Strength;Stiffne目录摘要······················································································································IAbstract···············································································································II第1章绪论·······································································································11.1研究的目的和意义··········································································11.2研究背景······················································································31.3车架有限元法国内外研究现状···························································41.4主要设计内容················································································6第2章车架结构方案的选择···········································································72.1车架的设计要求·············································································72.2车架的结构型式·············································································72.3横梁、纵梁及其联接型式································································112.4车架的制造工艺············································································122.5本章小结·····················································································13第3章车架的结构设计··················································································143.1车架横、纵梁设计·········································································143.2车架的弯矩及弯曲应力计算·····························································153.3车架的挠度计算············································································183.4纵梁钢板弹簧跨度计算············································错误!未定义书签。3.5本章小结······························································错误!未定义书签。第4章车架三维模型的建立················································错误!未定义书签。4.1Pro/E软件介绍·······················································错误!未定义书签。4.2三维模型的建立·····················································错误!未定义书签。4.3本章小结······························································错误!未定义书签。第5章车架静态有限元分析················································错误!未定义书签。5.1有限元概述···························································错误!未定义书签。5.2ANSYSWorkbench12.0概述······································错误!未定义书签。5.3车架有限元模型的建立············································错误!未定义书签。5.4车架弯曲工况分析·········································································205.4.1满载工况分析·······································································215.4.2前侧偏载工况分析·································································225.4.3单侧偏载工况分析·································································235.5局部分析·····················································································245.6车架扭转工况分析·········································································255.6.1单侧扭转工况分析·································································255.6.2双侧扭转工况分析·································································275.7各工况分析结果总结······································································285.8本章小结·····················································································28结论····················································································································29参考文献············································································································30致谢····················································································································31附录··················································