重型数控落地铣镗床滑枕组件热误差补偿技术研究

硕士学位论文重型数控落地铣镗床滑枕组件热误差补偿技术研究RESEARCHONTHERMALERRORCOMPENSATIONFORRAMCOMPONENTSOFNCHEAVYTYPEMILLING-BORINGMACHINETOOLWITHADJUSTABLESTAND刘殿崇哈尔滨工业大学2011年6月国内图书分类号：TG548学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：621密级：公开工学硕士学位论文重型数控落地铣镗床滑枕组件热误差补偿技术研究硕士研究生：刘殿崇导师：姚英学教授申请学位：工学硕士学科：机械制造及其自动化所在单位：机电工程学院答辩日期：2011年6月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TG548U.D.C:621DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringRESEARCHONTHERMALERRORCOMPENSATIONFORRAMCOMPONENTSOFNCHEAVYTYPEMILLING-BORINGMACHINETOOLWITHADJUSTABLESTANDCandidate：LiuDianchongSupervisor：Prof.YaoYingxueAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：MechanicalManufacturingandAutomationAffiliation：SchoolofMechatronicsEngineeringDateofDefence：June,2011Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-I-摘要重型数控落地铣镗床是国防军工、交通运输和工程机械等支柱产业的重要设备。滑枕组件是重型数控落地铣镗床的关键部件，它的精度直接决定了机床的加工精度。重型数控落地铣镗床在使用过程中，滑枕组件受内外热源联合作用，温度升高，产生热变形，影响机床的加工精度。本文主要针对重型数控落地铣镗床的滑枕组件进行热分析，提出解决方案并进行相关实验论证。论文主要完成如下工作：针对重型数控落地铣镗床滑枕组件的结构特点，分析数控机床在不同反馈控制方式下，机床W轴方向上热误差的构成，确定滑枕组件热态特性的影响因素。根据实际工况，计算滑枕组件的热源和边界条件,建立滑枕组件有限元模型，分析滑枕组件的温度场和热变形场，获得热误差构成比例；并通过分析不同边界条件下的有限元模型，得到了影响因素与滑枕组件热变形的关系。对重型数控落地铣镗床滑枕组件的关键点温度和热变形进行测量与分析，得出滑枕在机床W轴位置和主轴转速对滑枕组件热变形的影响；将实验得到的滑枕热变形量与有限元仿真得到热变形进行比较，验证滑枕组件有限元模型的准确性和分析结果的可信性。依据滑枕组件热误差构成，对螺母前端滑枕部分热变形，提出热变形检测方案和补偿措施，对因光栅尺热变形而导致的热误差，提出滑枕光栅尺安装改进方案。对滑枕热变形检测方案和光栅尺安装改进方案进行有限元分析，验证方案的可行性与准确性。对滑枕热变形检测方案进行实验验证，结果表明：检测方案能够准确测量出滑枕热变形。针对螺母前端滑枕部分热变形，研制补偿装置，实验证明数控机床能够准确接收补偿装置发送的控制脉冲。关键词：重型数控机床；滑枕组件；热变形；误差补偿哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-II-AbstractRamcomponentsareessentialcomponentsofNCheavytypemilling-boringmachinetoolwithadjustablestand,whichisanimportantequipmentinthepillarindustriessuchasnationaldefenseindustry,armsindustry,transportation,andengineeringmachinery,etc.Ramcomponentsdirectlydeterminetheprocessaccuracyofamachinetool.DuringtheprocessofusingNCheavytypemilling-boringmachinetoolwithadjustablestand,ramcomponentsarejointlyaffectedbyinternalandexternalheatsourceswhichraisethetemperatureoframcomponents,resultinthethermaldeformationofthem,andconsequentlyimpacttheprocessaccuracyofamachinetool.ThisthesisisaimedatathermalanalysisoftheramcomponentsofNCheavytypemilling-boringmachinetoolwithadjustablestand.Aschemetosolvetheproblemisproposedinthisthesisandanexperimentaldemonstrationisprovided.Theworkofthisthesismainlyincludes:Thefactorsinfluencingthethermalcharacteristicsoftheramcomponentsareascertainedaccordingtotheirstructuralcharacteristics.TheformationofthermalerrorsintheWaxisofthetoolisanalyzedindifferentpatternsoffeedbackcontrol.Accordingtotheactualworkingconditions,theheatsourcesandboundaryconditionsoftheramcomponentsarecounted;thefiniteelementmodeloframcomponentsarebuilt;thetemperaturefieldandthethermaldeformationfieldoframcomponentsareanalyzed,andthustheproportionofthermalerrorsisobtained;therelationshipbetweentheinfluencingfactorsandthethermaldeformationoframcomponentsareobtainedbyanalyzingthefiniteelementmodelunderdifferentboundaryconditions.ThepositionoftheramintheWaxisofthetoolandtheinfluenceexertedbytherotatespeedofthespindleonthethermaldeformationoframcomponentsareobtainedaccordingtothemeasurementandanalysisofthetemperatureofthekeypointandthedeformationoframcomponents;bycomparingthethermaldeformationoframcomponentsgainedinthisexperimentandthethermaldeformationgainedinthefiniteelementmodeling,theaccuracyandthecredibilityofthefiniteelementmodeloframcomponentsistested.Accordingtotheformationofthethermalerrors,theraminthefore-endofthenutisthermallydeformed;theschemetodetectthermaldeformationandtheremedialmeasuresareproposed;withregardtothethermalerrorscausedbythethermaldeformationofthegratingbar,aschemetoinstallandimprovethe哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-III-gratingbaroftheramisproposed.Withthefiniteelementmethod,theschemetodetectthethermaldeformationoftheramandtheschemetoinstallandimprovethegratingbaroftheramareanalyzedtotestthefeasibilityandaccuracyofthescheme.Theresultofthetestdemonstratesthatthedeformationoftheramcanbeaccuratelydetectedwiththescheme.Acompensatingdeviceisdevelopedforthedeformationoftheraminthefore-endofthenut.TheexperimentdemonstratesthattheNCmachinecanaccuratelyreceivethecontrolpulsesentbythecompensatingdevice.Keywords:NCheavytypemachinetool,ramcomponents,thermaldeformation,errorcompensation哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-IV-目录摘要................................................................................................................IAbstract..............................................................................................................II第1章绪论..................................................................................................11.1课题背景及研究的目的和意义.......................................................11.2国内外研究现状...........................................................................21.2.1机床热变形分析的历史回顾............................................................21.2.2国内外机床热误差补偿技术的研究现状.........................................41.3本文的主要研究内容....................................................................6第2章重型数控机床滑枕组件热态特性........................................................72.1重型数控落地铣镗