生物多样性的形成_维持机制及其宏观研究方法

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(100091):,,,,()(),3S,,,,:,,3S,:2001203221:(39830310)(39870131)THEFORMATIONANDMAINTENANCEMECHANISMSOFBIODIVERSITYANDTHERESEARCHTECHNIQUESFORBIODIVERSITYGuoZhihuaZangRunguoJiangYouxu(TheResearchInstituteofForestEcology,EnvironmentandProtection,ChineseAcademyofForestryBeijing100091)Abstract:Intermsofthemechanismsfortheformationandmaintenanceofbiodiversity,differenthypothesishadexisted,butageneraltheorysystemwasnotavailablenow.Basedontheirresearchobjectives,differentresearchershaveexaminedthecomplicatedinteractionrelationshipsbetweenthevariousecologicalfactorsandbiodiversity,andtheyhaveobtainednu2merousinterestingconclusions;however,manycontroversieshavebeeninducedatthesametime.Inthispaper,wemainlydiscussedtherelationshipsbetweenbioticfactors(such***rimaryproductivity,biomass,therelationshipbetweenspecies,soilmicroorganisms,andetc.),abioticfactors(suchasdisturbanceandheterogeneity,climaticandsoilfactors,andetc.)andbiodiversity,andtheeffectsofhumanbeingactionsonbiodiversity.Intheend,wesimplyintroducedtheappli2cationsoftheinformationtechniques(suchasGIS,RSandGPS)andmathematicalmethodstobiodiversityfield.Inaword,inordertoobtainaperfecttheoryregardingthemechanismsoftheformationandmaintenanceofbiodiversity,weshouldinsistontheintegrativeideaanddeeplyresearchtheinteractionbetweenthebiologicalandtheabioticfactorsandthebiodiversityatthedifferenttimeandspacescalesatdifferentlayers.Keywords:Biodiversity,Theformationandmaintenancemechanisms,3Stechniques,Mathematicalmethods1992,,1996IUBSUNESCOSCOPEICSU(DIVERSITAS),5(,1999),(Abrams,1995)©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.((,1998)(Braakhekkeetal.,1999)(Huston,1994)(Hackeretal.,1997;1999),,,(Robertsetal.,1995;,1998),,,JeffriesJeffries(1997)3:(1),,4,(,)(,)()(,);(2),4,(,;,)()(,)();(3),4,(,1993;,1994;,1994;,1997;,1998),(,1993;,1994;,1997;,1998;,1998),22112.1.1,Foster(1998)N(),(,1998),N,,,(Fosteretal.,1998)Wohlgemuth(1998)Pollock(1998),,,,MichaelHuston(1995),,(Jeffries,1997),Hector,Hus2ton,SCIENCE(Hustonetal.,2000):(Naeemetal.,1994;1996;Tilmanetal.,1996;1999)1996MacArthurDavidTilman(Tilman,1999),N(Tilmanetal.,1997)7116:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Hooper,1997),;,,(Hectoretal.,1999)2.1.2(Guoetal.,1998),,;,;,(Guoetal.,1998)2.1.3,,()(Wilsonetal.,1997);,(Okudaetal.,1997)Hacker(1997),;,,,;,,,3:,(Hackeretal.,1999)(Guoetal.,1998)(Goughetal.,1999)Givnish(1999),,,,Penfold(1999),,2.1.4,(Millsetal.,1998),,,(Clayetal.,1999)2122.2.1(Groombridge,1992;Richlefsetal.,1993;Huston,1994;Robertsetal.,1995;,1998),,(Robertsetal.,1995)(Brokawetal.,1989;Moloneyetal.,1996;Busingetal.,1997),(Terborghetal.,1996;Apletetal.,1998;Givnish,1999)()(Denslow,1995)Joan(treefall),,(Vandermeeretal.,1996),,(Denslow,1995;Duivenvoorden,1996;Vandermeeretal.,1996;Busingetal.,1997;Pollocketal.,1998;Hubbelletal.,1999;,1999;Goughetal.,1999)Hub2bell(1999)120013,(Hubbelletal.,1999),Smith,,(Smithetal.,1997;Enserink,1997)(Pollocketal.,1998;Goughetal.,1999)Pollock,,,;,,81138©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(Harrison,1997)Brosofske(1999):,();,,,(Qianetal.,1998)(Aldrichetal.,1998),Wahlberg(1996),,16000000(Hughesetal.,1997),,(Shilling,1997;Mannetal.,1997),(Duivenvoorden,1996)2.2.2Whittaker(,1986),;,(Ivesetal.,1999),(,1998),,(Aibaetal.,1999;,1999;,1999);,(Liebermanetal.,1996;Vazquezetal.,1998;Apletetal.,1998)Wohlge2muth(1998),(,51000100000km2)(AET)(Curaneetal.,1987;Adamsetal.,1989;OBrien,1993)AET(Rohde,1992)(Clinebelletal.,1995;Apletetal.,1998;Givnish,1999),(Kadmonetal.,1999),Bongers(1999)12,;(Wohlgemuth,1998),Satersdal(1998)Fennoscandia2.2.3(Harrison,1997;Wohlgemuth,1998;Clarketal.,1998;Hackeretal.,1999;Goughetal.,1999),(Aibaetal.,1999),(talus)(Webbetal.,1999),,(Clinebelletal.,1995;Givnish,1999;Hutchinsonetal.,1999),N,;(Fosteretal.,1998),Collins(1998),NHutchinson(1999):()NpH;,pHPO4-1;NN,,N,,,NSollins(1998)(PAlKCaMg)Ca(Harrson,1999),PMg(Givnish,1999),(hos2tility)(Duivenvoorden,1996)2.2.4Collins(1998),Richards(1999)9116:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(,1999),,(Huston,1994;Peter,1994;Frankeletal.,1995;,1999)Smith(1997),214,(Chapinetal.,1997)N(Collinsetal.,1998),(Cannonetal.,1998),Appalachians,(Meieretal.,1995),,(Sugden,2001),(Halpernetal.,1995)Gilliam(1995)(),,(McPeek,1996;Ca2leyetal.,1997;Caley,1997;Francisetal.,1998;,1998;Huston,1999),Davis(1998)3,Sala(2000)SCIENCE:,,N()CO2,,(Sugden,2000),GIS;,GISRSGPSFrohn(1998),,,,RSGISGPS(,1999;,1999),,RSGIS,(Jorgensenetal.,1996;Stomsetal.,1997;Nagendra1999),(),,:(Holopainenetal.,1998),NOAAAVHRR,LandsatTM,SPOT,ERS(McCormicketal.,1998),Stoms(1997),,(Chu2vieco,1999)GISGIS(NNpH)(Wohlge2muth,1998;Guisanetal.,1999;Hutchinsonetal.,1999;Nilsenetal.,1999);GIS(Kollmannetal.,1999),;Guisan02138©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJour**