2016年职称英语卫生类A级教材阅读判断打印版

阅读判断+第十一篇Disease,Diagnosis,TreatmentandPrevention生病、诊断、治疗与预防Diseasemaybedefinedastheabnormalstateinwhichpartorallofthebodyisnotproperlyadjustedorisnotcapableofcarryingonallitsrequiredfunctions.Therearemarkedvariationsintheextentofthediseaseandinitseffectontheperson.Inordertotreatadisease,thedoctorobviouslymustfirstdeterminethenatureoftheillness–thatis,makeadiagnosis.Adiagnosisistheconclusiondrawnfromanumberoffactsputtogether.Thedoctormustknowthesymptoms,whicharethechangesinbodyfunctionfeltbythepatient;andthesigns(alsocalledobjectivesymptoms)whichthedoctorhimselfcanobserve.Sometimesacharacteristicgroupofsigns(orsymptoms)accompaniedagivendisease.Suchagroupiscalledsyndrome.Frequentlycertainlaboratorytestsareperformedandtheresultsevaluatedbythephysicianinmakinghisdiagnosis.Althoughnursedonotdiagnose,theyplayanextremelyvaluableroleinthisprocessbyobservingcloselyforsigns,encouragingthepatienttotalkabouthimselfandhissymptoms,andthenreportingthisinformationtothedoctor.Oncethepatient’sdisorderisknown,thedoctorprescribesacourseoftreatment,alsoreferredtoastherapy.Manymeasuresinthiscourseoftreatmentarecarriedoutbythenurseunderthephysician’sorders.Inrecentyearsphysicians,nursesandotherhealthworkershavetakenonincreasingresponsibilitiesinprevention.Throughoutmostofmedicalhistory,thephysician’saimhasbeentocureapatientofanexistingdisease.However,themodernconceptofpreventionseekstostopdiseasebeforeitactuallyhappens—tokeeppeoplewellthroughthepromotionofhealth.Avastnumberoforganizationsexistforthispurpose,rangingfromtheWorldhealthOrganization(WHO)onaninternationalleveldowntolocalprivateandcommunityhealthprograms.Arapidlygrowingresponsibilityofthenursingprofessioniseducationindividualpatientstowardthemaintenanceoftotalhealth—physicalandmental.1.Bydiseaseismeanttheconditioninwhichoneormorepartsofthebodyfailtofunctionproperly.A.Right2.Asyndromereferstoacomplexofsignsand/orsymptomstypicalofaspecificdisease.A.Right3.Thediagnosticaidsareindispensableinanycaseforaphysiciantodiagnoseadisease.B.Wrong4.Becausenursescanobservepatientsclosely,theyhavetheauthoritytodealwithanycriticalconditionhappeningtopatients.B.Wrong5.Modernmedicineattachesmuchmoreimportancetodiseasepreventionthantraditionalmedicine.A.Right6.Aneffectivesystemofdiseasepreventionandtreatmenthasbeenestablishedineverycountryalloverthewould.C.Notmentioned7.Generallyspeaking,thephysicianismorewillingtotreatpatients’physicaldiseasethantheirmentalillness.C.Notmentioned译文：所谓生病，即部分或整个身体不能够正常调节，或不能够维持应有的功能。疾病的程度及其对人体的影响存在着明显的差异。为了治疗疾病，医生当然首先要给疾病定性，即诊断。诊断是基于一系列症状所作出的结论。医生必须通晓症状，即病人所感受到的自身功能的变化;且了解体征(也称客观症状)，这些是医生可以亲身观察到的。有时一组典型的体征(或症状)伴随着某一疾病。这样的一组体征(或症状)就叫做综合病症。医生在作出诊断时，经常都要做某些实验室检查，并对检查结果进行评估。尽管护士不负责诊断，但是他们密切监视病人体征，鼓励病人讲述其本身情况及症状，而且将所得信息汇报给医生，在整个过程中发挥着极其重要的作用。一旦知道了患者的病情，医生就会确定疗程(也称为疗法)，其中许多治疗措施都是在医生指示下由护士去执行的。近些年来，广大医生、护士以及其他保健工作者在预防方面承担着越来越多地责任。贯穿大部分医学史，医生都是治疗病人的现有疾病，但是现代的预防理论却寻求制止疾病于未然，即通过促进健康使人们不生病。为了这个目的，从国际级的世界卫生组织一直到地方社区的医疗机构构成了一个庞大的卫生机构。医护行业迅速增加的责任就是教育每个病人保持全面健康，即身体的和心理的健康。+第十二篇Inquesttoldofhospitalerror尸检揭示医疗事故AHOSPITALerrorleftadyingmanonthewrongwardfortwodaysasdeepveinthrombosis(DVT)ravagedhisbody,aninquestheard.StephenMelvinNewboldsufferedmassivebraindamagewhenabloodclotformedinhisveins.NowhisfamiliesareconsideringlegalactionagainstYorkHospital,sayingthathisdeathwas“untimelyandunnecessary”.MrNewbold,a52-year-oldmaintenanceworker,wenttoYorkHospitalonNovember3complainingofaswollenrightfoot.Heshouldhavebeensenttoasurgicalwardwherehewouldhavebeentreatedwith1Fragmin,adrugwhichcounterstheeffectsofDVT.However,hospitalstaffwronglyadmittedhimto2anorthopedicward,wherehestayedfortwodays,beforefinallybeingtransferredtothecareofaconsultantvascularsurgeon.Twenty-fourhourslater,onNovember6,doctorsdecidedtheywouldhavetooperatetoremovehislegbelowtheknee.TheoperationwentaheadonNovember10,buttwodayslaterMrNewboldsufferedacardiacarrest.Ascanrevealedhehadhadapulmonaryembolism,aconditionrelatedtoDVT.MrNewboldsufferedbraindamageanddiedinthehospitalonNovember16.Givingevidence,thesurgeonsaidhecouldnotexplainwhyMrNewboldhadbeenadmittedtoanorthopedicwardwhereitwasnotpolicytoadministerFragmin.HedidnotknowwhyhismedicalteamhadnotgivenMrNewboldthedruglater.YorkcoronerDonaldCoverdalesaid,“FromNovember3untilthedayoftheoperation,noFragminwasgiventoMrNewbold.Ifhehadbeenadmittedtoaconsultantvascularsurgeon’scarefromdayone,itisclearthatFragminwouldhavebeenprescribed.FragminreducestheriskofDVT,butdoesnoteliminateit.ItisimpossibletosaywhetherMrNewboldwouldhavesufferedthisDVTifhehadreceivedtheFragmin.”Herecordedaverdictofdeathbymisadventure.KimDaniells,MrNewbold’sfamily’slawyer,said,“Thefamilyhopethatthehospitalwilllearnfromtheerrors,andthatnootherfamilieswillhavetosufferinthefuture.”AspokeswomanforYorkHospital’sNHSTrustsaid,“WewouldliketoextendoursinceresympathiestothefamilyofStephenNewboldduringthisdifficulttime.”1Thepatientwasadmittedwithaninjuredfoot.ARight2Thepatientwasadmittedtothesurgicalward.BWrong3Thepatientdidnotgetthecorrectmedication.ARight4Thepatientdiedbeforehecouldbeoperatedon.BWrong5Thepatien