生物安全议定书对中国转基因作物产品进口贸易的影响及对策

ClemTisdell(,4072)()200012951526(GMOs);GMOs;GM,WTOGMOs;GMOs(GMOs)ImpactsofBiosafetyProtocolonImportingTradeofGeneticModifiedOrganismsandCountermeasuresinChina.XueDayuanetal(DepartmentofEconomics,theUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Qld4072,Australia):RuralEco2Environment,2000,16(4):45-50AbstractTheUNCartagenaProtocolonBiosafetyadoptedinMontreal,Jan.29,2000andopenedforsignatureinNairobi,May15-26,2000willexertaprofoundimpactoninternationaltradeofgeneticmodifiedorganisms(GMOs)andtheirproducts.ThebackgroundofthedraftingandnegotiationsoftheprotocolisexpoundedandthepotentialeffectsofvariousarticlesoftheprotocoloninternationaltradeofGMOsareanalyzed.BasedonthestatusquoofGMOsimportationanddomesticresearchanddevelopmentofbiotechnologyinChina,thetendencyforimportingforeignbiotechnologyandGMproductsafterChinaaccedestoWTOisexplored.Meanwhile,strategiesandcountermeasuresarebroughtforthtocontrolandregulateimportationofforeignGMOsinthecourseofimplementingtheprotocol.Keywordsbiosafety,CartagenaProtocol,China,geneticmodifiedorganisms,GMOs,importingtrade200051526,1561500()(COP5),(LMOs),64,200065200164,GMOs,GMOsa12090,,,,(GMOs),,,2000,16(4):4550RuralEco2Environmenta2000-05-25,2000-07-18©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,8(g);19(3),;19(4)199511(COP2)0ö5,,199619999621200012429,,,,,5[1,2],GMOs,,GMOs,6,GM,WTO()GMOs,GMOs,WTO,,2GMOsGMOs(GMOs),2117,,,(AIA)8,GMOs,,,GMOsAIA,GMOs,,,GMOs,,GMOs212910,,GMOs,GMOs,,,,9(3),,,GMOs,,,GMOs2138(1),LMOs1;,GMOs,GMOs,GMOs,6416©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.214GMOs11(4),,GMOs,AIA11(8),GMOs,GMOs,,,GMOs,21515(2),GMOs,:,2,GMOs,,15,,21618(2),GMOs,,,,;GMOs3,,,GMOs,GMOs,GMOs,GMOs21727,GMOs,4,,,,GMOs3GMOs3111983,1997,50,1996GM170hm2,19971250hm2,19982780hm219993990hm2,[1]54%,28%,9%,9%,GM199519993019957500,19962.35,19976.7,19981215[3]200580,2010250[1]312GMOs,6070500t;809010001500t;1995,42000,70,300,250t,2000tGMOs,1998,[4]40%,75%;55%;65%;67%;86%(1)744:11[]11999©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.11998[4]Table1StatisticsofChinapsimportofgrainsfromUSAandCanadain1998(Unit:thousandUSdollars)(t)()(t)()(t)()1188907239672506233177046819149020613555218973162954824591105047091107747281856128994065059647821265360313131108193734233984558114887128287128230000872530085874145465212431284331981697121252724106321203188472659373080231009412175396847061724709163241765885777205224021615462411612340364676982557476960482503819912859184014696928972646227493928990268160138641340245797215374369712373424629015302032342096582137653841521933921910724612737439173917334576921210901683551427383053126428416811459667598243889507616753119121806120249171390861031641223426464133926219127319003578779616611798261489403278570446786798081519141240966367330910350572396966561862134753643456588,,199957%,55%[5]50%GM,GMOs,GM313GMOs,10a8416©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.15,6,90,90,,2,1,19981.2hm2,[6]223,()13,7,1,2199886,63,19,2,2,72,30,36,6[7]4GMOs411,(Monsanto)(Dupont)(Pioneer)(Zeneca)KWSGM,199868GMOs,7,1[8]199811hm2;,199940,6000m2,WTO,,WTO,,,,WTO,GMOs,412GMOs13,,2000t,,,,,,,WTO,23,4,,WTO,GMOs413GMOs,,GMGM,GM,GM,GM,,,,47,,,GMOs,,GMOsGMOs,GMOs,,GMOs,,944:11[]11999©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.5GMOs511GMOs,AIA,GMOs2(4)WTO,WTO,(SPAS),GMOsWTO,512,,,,,,,,,513,,,GMOsGMOs:,,,,,,1FalknerR.Regulatingbiotechtrade:theCartagenaProtocolonBiosafety.InternationalAffairs(SpecialBiodiversityIssue),2000,76(2):299-3132GuptaA.Governingtradeingeneticallymodifiedorganisms:theCartagenaProtocolonBiosafety.Environment,2000,40(4):23-333JamesC.Globalreviewofcommercializedtransgeniccrops.ISAAABriefs,1998,(8).Ithaca,N.Y.:ISAAA,199841(1998)1:,19995TribeD.GMfood:thefacts.AustralianBiotechnology,2000,10(2):26611:,IvarVirgin11:,199916-87,11:,IvarVirgin11:,19991115-1198119981,1999,(1):46-50,,(),,2000110516©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.