2016非谓语动词

12016高三英语非谓语动词复习高三英语备课组2015.10.28一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：todo2、动词的ing:doing3、动词的过去分词：done二、非谓语动词的否定形式：not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing,nothavingdone等三、非谓语动词的句法功能归纳成分形式主语宾语补语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√四、非谓语动词的解题步骤：谓非谓，定主语，明语态，定时态1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing。练习(判断下列句子用谓语还是非谓语填空)1.Tonylentmethemoney,_____________（hope)thatI’ddoasmuchforhim.2.Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge__________(come)frompracticeandhegained2hisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.3.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_____________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.[来源:学*科*网]4.Inoticedanoldmanstandingatthedoorjustnow.Heseemed_____________(wait)forsomeone.5.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours_____________(lock)inmyroomthismorning.五、doing/done/todo用法归纳：Ⅰ.doing用法：①表____________________②表______________________1.Though________(lack）money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.2.________________(understand)whattheteachersaid,Lucyraisedupherhand.3.________________(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.(14福建)4.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke___________(rise)frombehindthehouse.(2011全国I)5.Thereisanotepinnedtothedoor_________(say)whentheshopwillopenagain.(2014山东)6.Iamnotaccustomedto___________(treat)likethis.7.Weather________(permit),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.8.Shedeniedthere__________(be)anymisunderstandingbetweenthem.9.________________(admit)totheuniversitymadehisparentsveryhappy.Ⅱ.done用法①表____________________②表______________________1._____________(absorb)inthebookshewasreading,Marydidn’tnoticemeapproaching.2.Children,when_______________(accompany）bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.（2014湖南）3.Though____________(surprise）toseeus，theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.（2010全国Ⅱ卷）4.Pricesofdailygoods__________(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.(2002全国春)5.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain________(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.(2009四川)6.Astheoldsayinggoes,friendshipislikemoneyeasiermadethan________(keep).7.Whentheygotthere,thegirlwasfound___________(beat)blackandblue.8.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready________(lay)foramealtobecooked9.Whenshewasonhiswaybackhome,shehadherwallet__________(steal)yesterday.10.When________(complete),thenewlibrarywillbeopentothepublic.Ⅲ.todo的用法：______________________________________________________________________1.___________(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.(2014湖南)2.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only____________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.（2012山东）3.Hisfirstbook___________(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.（2010陕西）4.Volunteeringgivesyouachance__________(change)lives,includingyourown.(2013北京)5.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood____________(breathe).6.Sheneverseemed___________(care)whattherestofusthoughtabouther.7.Therearestillmanyproblems______________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.8.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone______________(employ)asecurityofficer.39.Heisthought_____________(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.10.Hehadnomoneyandnoplace________(live)in.11.Haveyougotanything_________________(buy)?你有什么要买么？12.Haveyougotanything________________(buy)?你有什么要（我或别人）买么？13.Ifthebuildingproject____________________(complete)bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.14.Hisjobwas___________(make)contactwiththelocalpeople.15.Whatweshoulddofirstis________(make)fulluseoftimetostudy.16.Ihavenothingtodobut________(wait).17.Ican'thelpbut_________(give)himahand.六、重要考点：考点1：独立主格结构作状语非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点是：(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语不是句子的主语。(2)名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。独立主格结构的构成形式主要有：①名词(代词)＋现在分词/过去分词②名词(代词)＋形容词③名词(代词)＋副词④名词(代词)＋不定式⑤名词(代词)＋介词短语公式：n./pron.+doing/done/adj./adv./todo/介宾等⑥with/without＋名词(代词)＋宾语补足语。Exs：1.___________(fall)ill,hecouldn’tcometoteachus.2.He_____________(fall)ill,wehadtoteachourselves.3.___________,sohecouldn’tcometoteachus.（他生病了）4.Thelecture_______________(give),alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.（2014江苏）5._____theirseats,themeetingbegan.A.BeingtakenB.TheengineersbeentakenC.TheengineershavingtakenD.Havingtaken6.____,theperformersappearedonthestage.A.HavingtakentheirseatsB.HavingbeentakentheirseatsC.HavingbeenseatedD.Aftertheyhadtakentheirseats找出独立主格结构的句子___________________with/without+宾+宾补(doing/done/todo)1.Withalotofdifficultproblems_________(settle),thepresidentishavingahardtime.2.Withalotofdifficultproblems_________(settle),thepresidentishavingarelaxedtime.3.Withanoldman________(lead)theway,wecouldeasilyfindtheplace.4考点2：有些分词或不定式可作独立成分，其形式不受其他句子成分影响generally/honestly/franklyspeaking一般来说judgingfrom/by从......判断considering=taking……intoconsideration考虑到seeingthat……=given(that)…………鉴于allo