新东方在线TOEFL-iBT-阅读讲义-戴云-有答案版

[]1TOEFL1.TheGreatRedSpotOnedistinctivefeatureoftheplanetJupiteristheGreatRedSpot,amassiveovalofswirlingreddish-brownclouds.WereEarthtobejuxtaposedwiththeGreatRedSpot,ourplanetwouldbedwarfedincomparison,withadiameterlessthanhalfthatoftheGreatRedSpot.TheSpot’sclouds,mostlikelytintedredasaresultofthephosphorusthattheycontain,circulateinacounterclockwisedirection.TheouterwindsrequiresixEarthdaystocompletethecircumferenceoftheGreatRedSpot,alengthoftimeindicativeofvastnessoftheGreatRedSpot.1.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.ThedensityoftheGreatRedspotismuchhigherthanthattheEarth.B.IfthediameteroftheGreatRedSpotweredoubled,itwouldequalthatoftheEarth.C.ByplacingtheEarthnexttotheGreatRedSpot,onecouldseetheEarthhasamuchsmallerdiameter.D.BecausetheEarthisclosetotheGreatRedSpot,Earthisinfluencedbyitshugesize.C2.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.TheEarth’souterwindsmoveadistanceequaltothecircumferenceoftheGreatRedSpot.B.TheouterwindsoftheGreatRedSpotmovemorequicklythandothoseonEarth.C.TheWindsmovingacrosstheGreatRedSpotfinallychangedirectioneverysixEarthdays.D.ThefactthatthewindstakesolongtomovearoundtheGreatRedSpotproveshowbigitis.[]2DPassageOne(Question1-2)CamouflageCamouflageisoneofthemosteffectivewaysforanimalstoavoidattackinthetreelessArctic.However,thesummerandwinterlandscapestherearesodiversethatasingleprotectivecoloringschemewould,ofcourse,proveineffectiveinoneseasonortheother.Thus,manyoftheinhabitantsoftheArctictundrachangetheircamouflagetwiceayear.Thearcticfoxisaclear-cutexampleofthisphenomenon;itsportsabrownish-graycoatinthesummerwhichthenturnswhiteascoldweathersetsin,andtheprocessreversesitselfinthespringtime.Itsbrownish-graycoatblendsinwiththebarrentundralandscapeinthemonthswithoutsnow,andthewhitecoatnaturallyblendsinwiththelandscapeofthefrozenwintertimetundra.1.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirsthighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.OppositeconditionsinsummerandinwinternecessitatedifferentprotectivecolorationforArcticanimals.B.ThecolorationofthesummerandwinterlandscapesintheArcticfailstoprotecttheArctictundra.C.Inasingleseason,protectivecoloringschemeareineffectiveinthetreelessArctic.D.Formanyanimals,asingleprotectivecoloringschemeeffectivelyprotectsthemduringsummerandwintermonths.A2.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthesecondhighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.Thearcticfoxisunusualinthathecolorofitscoatchangesfornoreason.B.Thearcticfoxlivesinanenvironmentthatisbrownishgrayinthesummerandwhiteinthewinter.C.ItisaphenomenonthatthecoatofthearcticfoxturnswhiteIthespringtimeandgrayinthefall.D.Thearcticfoxdemonstratesthatprotectivecolorationcanchangeduringdifferentseasons.DPassageTwo(Question3-6)Post-itNotesPost-itNoteswereinventedinthe1970satthe3McompanyinMinnesotaquitebyaccident,Researchersat3Mwereworkingondevelopingdifferenttypesofadhesives,andoneparticularlyweakadhesive,acompoundofacrylatecopolymermicrospheres,wasdeveloped.Employeesat3Mwereaskediftheycouldthinkofauseforaweakadhesivewhich,provideditdidnotgetdirty,couldbereused.Onesuggestionwasthatitcouldbeappliedtoapieceofpapertouseasa[]3bookmarkthatwouldstayinplaceinabook.Anotherusewasfoundwhentheproductwasattachedtoareportthatwastobesenttoacolleaguewitharequestforcommentsonthereport;thecolleaguemadehiscommentsonthepaperattachedtothereportandreturnedthereport.TheideaforPost-itNoteswasborn.Itwasdecidedwithinthecompanythattherewouldbeatestlaunchofproductin1977infourAmericancities.Salesofthisinnovativeproductintestcitieswerelessthanstellar,mostlikelybecausetheproduct,whileinnovative,wasalsoquiteunfamiliar.AfinalattemptwasthenmadeinthecityofBoisetointroducetheproduct.Inthatattempt,3MsalesmengavedemonstrationsoftheproductinofficesthroughoutBoiseandgaveawayfreesamplesoftheproduce.Whenthesalesmenreturnedaweeklatertotheofficeworkers,havingnotedhowusefulthesimplelittleproductcouldbe,wereinterestedinpurchasingit.Overtime,3Mcametounderstandthehugepotentialofthisnewproduct,andoverthenextfewdecadesmorethan400varietiesofPost-itproducts-indifferentcolors,shapes,andsizes–havebeendeveloped.3.Whichofthesentencesbelowexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirsthighlightedsentenceinthepassage1?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.A.Ofthemanyadhesivesthatwerebeingdevelopedat3M,onewasnotaparticularlystrongadhesive.B.Researchersat3Mspentmanyyearstryingtodevelopareallyweakadhesive.C.Numerousweakadhesivesresultedfromaprogramtodevelopthestrongestadhesiveofall.D.Researcherswereassignedtodevelopdifferenttypesofusesfor