生物质快速热解制备液体燃料

:200753(No.50576091)(No.KGCX22YW230624)33e2mail:[e-mail]333(230026),,,;,,,:TK6;S216;TQ517:A:10052281X(2007)07P821064208BiomassFastPyrolysisforLiquidFuelsLuQiangZhuXifengLiQuanxinGuoQingxiangZhuQingshi33(AnhuiKeyLaboratoryforBiomassCleanEnergy,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Hefei230026,China)AbstractRecentprogressinbiomassfastpyrolysistechnologyforbio2oilproductionisbrieflyreviewed.Thechemicalcompositionandfuelpropertiesofbio2oilaredescribed.Bio2oilisacomplexmixtureofwaterandoxygenatedcompounds.Itpossessesmanyuniquepropertiesandcharacterizedashighinwaterandoxygencontent,lowincaloricvalue,acidicandcorrosivetocommonmetalmaterials,chemicallyandthermallyunstable,andnon2misciblewithpetroleumfuels.Bio2oilhastobeupgradedbeforeitcanbeusedashigh2gradeliquidfuels.Someupgradingmethodsrelativelywelldevelopedarediscussed,whichincludecatalyticcracking,catalytichydrotreatment,hotvaporfiltration,solventaddition,catalyticesterification,emulsificationwithdiesel,aswellasproductionofhydrogen2richsyngasforFisher2Tropschsynthesis.Thekeyproblemsinvolvedintheseupgradingmethodsarealsodiscussed.Keywordsbiomass;fastpyrolysis;bio2oilupgrading1,,,:,40,60,211,,,,,2030,115415,20140cm,,,,,20061836816287197P820078PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.19No.7P8Aug.,2007(:138842403),4710%,2005411%,,,,,30P,10P,3,7,30%,60%,,,,,,,,,2,()()():103104Ps5002s,50%60%,1617MJPkg,2P580,[1]:(GIT)(entrainedflowreactor)(SERI)(vortexreactor)DynaMotiveEnergySystems(fluidizedbedreactor)ENSYN(upflowcirculatingfluidizedbedreactor)TwenteBTG(rotatingconereactor),BTGDynaMotiveEnergySystems30t100t,60%,2090,[2]Twente50kgPh,[3],,,[4]CO2,[5],,,,GC2MS[6][7],,200511;20064120kg,,,,60%50%,1617MJPkg;600kg3,CHONS,():C%=4810%6014%,H%=519%712%,O%=3316%4419%,N011%,N,012%014%,60500ppm,[8]56017P8(45%60%,),,,,,,300[9],,,,,50%GC2MS()25%HPLC2MS()()25%()GC2MS11GC2MS[9]Table1Maincompoundsidentifiedinbio2oilbyGC2MS[9]acidesteralcoholsugaraldehydeketonefuranphenolotherformicaceticpropanoichydroxyaceticbutanoicpentanoichexanoicmethylformatemethylacetatemethylvaleratemethanolethanol22propene212olisobutanol32methyl212butanollevoglucosanD2xyloseglucosefructosehydroxyacetaldehydeacetaldehydeformaldehyde22butenalethanedialpentanal22methyl222butenalacetone22pentanonehydroxyacetone22butenonecyclohexanonecyclopentanone22cyclopentenonefuran22methylfuran22furanonefurfuralfuroicaciddimethyl2furanphenol22methylphenol32methylphenol42methylphenol2,32dimethylphenol2,62dimethylphenol22methoxyphenol42methylguaiacolethylguaiacoleugenolisoeugenol2,62DiOMephenol42ethylsyringolmethylsyringoldimethyl2acetalacetalacetyloxy222propanonedimethylcy2clopentenemaltol,,,,[10,11],,Py2GC2MS(22)GPC(),[12]44.1,,,24.22Table2Basicfuelpropertiesofbio2oilwater(wt%)density(gPml)HHV(MJPkg)viscosity(cP,40)pHflashpoint()pourpoint()surfacetension(mNPm)153011111215191010002440130-12-362840:;,,,,660119,,(45),(),60[13]4.3,,:,,,,;,,,,,NOx;,OH4.4,10m,,3%,1200m(10m),,67:,;,,,,,,,,,,,4.5,,,,(CCR),CCR17%23%,,,,,,,[14],;;,4.6,,,,,,,516[15]4050,,,4.7,,,17002000K,22002300K,,,()()(),,[16],76017P8,,,,4.8pH24,50100mgKOHPg,,,,4.9,[17],,,,80,80,4.10,(LD50)700mgPkg,,,,,[18],[19]5,5.1,H2OCOCO2(HZSM25),,3506002(,kgh-1Pkg)[20],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,ZnO,ZnO[21],,,,,[22]5.2(720MPa),,,,,,6001000L,HPC,(),:(300),;860119,CoMo,,,,,:(1),;(2),;(3),;(4),,5.3,,,,(NREL)VTT,,0101%,10ppm[23,24],,5.4,,,,,,[25],,10%,1P18,,10%[26],,,,,:,,5.5,,,pH,;,,,,,[27],5.6,,,,,,,(95%)[28]:(1),;(2);(3),6,,,NREL,70%,96017P8,NREL,,,,,,C12A7M[29],,,[30],,H2CO2,COCH4,CO2H2PCO2,CO24,CO2,CO2,(,)CO27,,10,20%,1,4000,4000,,,1t,CO2800kg,,,,[1]BridgwaterAV,PeacockeGVC.RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews,2000,4:173[2](LiuRH),(LuN),(CaoYR).(JournalofShenyangAgriculturalUniversity),1997,28(4):307311[3](YaoFS),(YiWM),(BaiXY).(EngineeringScience),2001,3(4):6367[4](RenZW),(XuQ),(ChenMQ).(ActaEnergiaeSolarisSinica),2002,23(4):462466[5](WangSR),(LuoZY),(DongLJ).(ActaEnergiaeSolarisSinica),2002,23(1):410[6](YaoJZ),(ChenHZ),(ZhangJR).(EngineeringChemistry&Metallurgy),2002,21(4):434437[7](ZhuXF),(LuQ),(ZhengJL).(ActaEnergiaeSolarisSinica),2006,27(12):12851289[8]OasmmaA,LeppamakiE,KoponenP,etal.PhysicalCharacterizationofBiomass2BasedPyrolysisLiquids.Finland:VTT,1997.1921[9]MilneTA,AgblevorF,DavisM.DevelopmentsinThermochemicalBiomassConversion(ed.BridgwaterAV).London:BlackieAcademic&Professional,1997.409424[10]OasmmaA,KuoppalaE,SolantaustaY.Energy&Fuels,2003,17:433443[11]BaT,ChaalaA,PerzeMG,etal.Energy&Fuels,2004,18:704712[12]ScholzeB,MeierD.JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis,2001,60:4154[13]PerezMG,ChaalaA,PakdelH,etal.Energy&Fuels,2006,20:364375[14]HallettWLH,ClarkNA.Fuel,2006,85:532544[15]IkuraM,StanciulescuM,HoganE.BiomassandBioenergy,2003,24:221231[16]ShaddixCR,HardestyDR.CombustionPropertiesofBiomassFlashPyrolysisOils.USA:SandiaNationalLaboratory,1999.171[17]DieboldJP.AReviewoftheChemicalandPhysicalMechanismsoftheStorageStabilityofFastPyrolysisBio2oils.USA:NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory,2000.156[18]DieboldJP.AReviewoftheToxicityofBiomassPyrolysisLiquidsFormedatLowTemperatures.USA:NationalRene