用木霉、类木霉对水稻纹枯病进行生物防治的研究

3(,611130;3)BiologicalControlofRiceSheathBlightwithTrichodermaandThichoderma2likeTANGJia2bin,MABing2tian,WANGLing2xia,LIPing3,ZHENGAi2ping,CHENHong(RiceResearchInstitute,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Wenjiang611130,China;3Correspondingauthor)Abstract:AtotalofsixmycetesantagoniststoRhizoctoniasolaniwereobtainedfromricestrawandidentifiedasTrichodermaandTrichoderma2like.Indialculture,TrichodermaandTrichoderma2likewereobviousantagonismagainstR.solani.OnPDAplate,theantagonisticresultshowedthattheinhibitionrateofT3(antagonisticmycetesofT.aureoviride)wasthehighest,reaching52.54%.TheresultofcellulaseactivitiestestshowedT.hamatumT.aureovirideGliocladiumvirens,buttheresultwasdifferentfromthatofantagonistictest.InfieldtestitshowedthatthefungalstrainshadgoodantagonismagainstR.solani.Thecontroleffectoffungalstrainsmixturewas32.25%,andhadgoodeffectsonseedsettingrateand10002grainweightofriceplants.Keywords:rice;ricesheathblight;biologicalcontrol;Trichodermaspp.:6,,PDA,T3,52154%,,,T1T6,32125%,:;;;:S435111114+2;S476:A:100127216(2002)0120062204(Rhizoctoniasolani),2060,,,,,,,,5%10%,50%70%,,,,,,,,1,,,2,3,AGI4(),1111PDA,,1122%(MA),25,(),,,2,Ri2fai5Bissett6Domsch7,113PDA8PDA,:2000208223;:2001206212:(1972-),,36(ChineseJRiceSci),2002,16(1):6366254d,5mm,PDA(12cm),710cm,25,,43d,,,114Ghose910115681(70),4:,1122118006(T1T6),,T1T3T4(Trichodermaaureoviride);T2T5(T.hamatum);T6(Gliocladiumvirens)2121,T3,3d52154%,T4,T5,(T1T3T4),213E540Y=1.3516X+0106190,r=019867Y(LmolömL),XE540(2)2,T5,T2,,()PDAT2T5,,214(),5,(3),3,1T1T6Table1.EffectsofantagonisticmycetesT1-T6onRhizoctoniasolani.cmTreatmentR.solani(CK)Antagonisticmycete4)T1T2T3T4T5T617.84.54.54.03.54.54.527.24.54.43.54.04.03.437.54.04.23.03.75.54.747.05.05.03.53.95.04.41)Averageradiusofcolony1)7.44.54.53.53.84.84.32)Inhibitionrate2)ö%038.9838.6452.5448.8835.5942.373)Significantdifference3)ABCBCBCDBCBBC1)3d;2)=(-)ö]100%;3)SSR,01011)Theaverageradiusofthepathogenwastestedafterthestrainwascultured3days;2)Theinhibitionrate=(RadiusofCKcolony-Radiusoftreatmentcolony)öRadiusofCKcolony]100%;3)Inarow,datafollowedbysamelettersshowednosignificantdifferenceat1%levelbySSR;4)AntagonisticmyceteofT1,T3,T4belongtoTrichodermaaureoviride,T2andT5belongtoT.hamatumandT6belongstoGliocladiumvirens.46(ChineseJRiceSci)161(20021)2T1T6Table2.CellulaseactivitiesoftestedfungalstrainsT1-T6.EnzymeactivityFungalstrainT1T2T3T4T5T6CMCCMCö(UnitmL-1h-1)5.94005.60254.59004.92758.98255.7725Cellobiaseö(UnitmL-1h-1)7.630014.55759.82757.122520.47254.7575Saccharificaseö(UnitmL-1h-1)3.67756.44756.11006.11009.15006.6175Inhibitionrateö%38.9838.6452.5448.8835.5942.373Table3.EffectsofbiocontrollingthesheathblightusingstrainsT1-T6infield.TreatmentDiseasescoreDiseaseindexö%Controleffectö%Seedsettingrateö%10002grainweightögCK9971810481652117Jinggangmycin(50mgökg)33916858113891812519T1T6SprayingofmixtureT1-T65,765.5632.2580.9325.8T1T6InsertingstalkofmixtureT1-T67,984.0213.7983.8824.750mgökg,58113;,,32125%(),13179%3,,3104.2g3311,,,,1214Laguna315,,,,312,1617,,,,Eald18,,(trichodermin)(gliotoxin)(viridin)(glioviridin)Lynch19,Bruchner20(trichobrachtrichovirin),Der2mardine21,,,313,,,,17,22,,,,,B223,2456:,T5,,:,,,253143:;,,,,,;,,,,(),:1AiYC(),MengFM(),XuYC().Hy2bridizationdominanceofkineticsinrecombinantATH21376ob2tainedviaprotoplastsfusionAspergillusnigerandTrichodermareesei.ChineseJBiotech(),1997,13(3):241-245.(inChinesewithEnglishabstract)2WenCJ(),TaoJF()1ControlofRhizoctoniasolaniincottonwithtrichodermaconidia.É.IsolationofTrichodermaspp.andtheirantagonisticactionagainstRhizoctoniasolaniincottonseedlings.SouthwestChinaJAgricSci(),1990,3(2):53-56.(inChinesewithEng2lishabstract)3WenCJ(),ChengWR()1AntagonismofTrichodermaspp.andGliocladiumvirensagainstPenicilliumdigitatumandP.italiumandbiocontrolofcitrusgreenandbluemold.SouthwestChinaJAgricSci(),1995,8(3):80-84.(inChinesewithEnglishabstract)4DengXM().BriefreportonresearchofRhizoctoniasolanistrainsinSichuanricecroppingarea.In:SymposiumofPapersandAbstractsfromSouthwestBranchofChineseSocietyofPlantPathology().Cheng2du:SichuanScientificandTechnicalPublishers(),1989132-36.(inChinese)5RifaiMAA.RevisionofthegenusTrichodermaconmomw.MycologicalPapers,1969,116:1-27.6BissettJA.RevisionofthegenusTrichoderma.É.SectionLongibrachiatum.Seetnov.CanJBot,1984,62:924-931.7DomschKH.CompendiumofSoilFungi.NewYork:AcademicPress,1980.8WhippsJM.Effectsofnutrientstatusandwaterpotentialofme2diaonfungigrowthandantagonistic2pathogeninteraction.BulletinOEPPöEPPO,1987,17:581-591.9GhoseTK.Measurementofcellulaseactivities.PureandApplChem,1987,59(2):257-267.10StellmachB.MethodforEnzymeMeasure().Bei2jing:ChineseLightIndustrialPress(),19881TranslatedbyQianJY().(inChinese)11YingCS()1RiceGermplasmResourcesinChina()1Beijing:ChinaAgriculturalScien2TechPress(),1993.(inChinese)12ChenZhiyi,XuZhigang,MewTW.Screenandutilizationofantagonisticbacteriaforricesheathblightcontrol.In:TangWenhua,CookRJ,RoviraA.AdvanceinBiologicalControlofPlantDiseases.Beijing:CAUP,1996.1-5.13CookRJ,BakerKR.TheNatureandPracticalofBiologicalControlofPlantPathogens.St