微型纯电动汽车动力性能参数匹配及仿真研究

合肥工业大学硕士学位论文微型纯电动汽车动力性能参数匹配及仿真研究姓名：王方申请学位级别：硕士专业：载运工具运用工程指导教师：方锡邦2011-04微型纯电动汽车动力性能参数匹配及仿真研究摘要随着环境污染和能源短缺的问题日益突出，纯电动汽车以其零排放、低噪声等优点而倍受关注，世界各国都把电动汽车作为汽车工业的发展方向。近几年来，尽管许多国家都投入大量的人力物力来研究电动汽车，但到目前为止动力电池和关键性技术还未取得有效的突破，动力电池的续驶里程和充电时间大大制约了电动汽车的发展和普及。因此，在电池问题解决之前，如何合理的选择部件及相关参数，使匹配达到昀优，在蓄电池相同的条件下，更好的满足整车动力性要求和昀大的增加续驶里程，一直是研究者追求的目标，也是本论文研究的主要目的。本论文以某微型纯电动汽车作为研究对象，以整车的动力性作为指标要求，从汽车的动力学出发，匹配设计了传动系统的关键参数，包括电机参数，电池参数，传动比及变速箱档位数选择等。并利用ADVIOSR仿真软件建立了电动汽车的蓄电池、电动机、传动系、车身等仿真模型。根据电动汽车的动力性要求，进行了其加速性能，昀高车速，昀大爬坡度和续驶里程等性能的仿真研究。仿真结果表明其传动系参数的选择和匹配基本合理。本论文基于纯电动汽车整车的性能要求，对纯电动汽车传动系速比进行了重新优化，并对优化前后的整车性能进行了仿真对比分析。通过对变速器速比和主减速比进行参数优化，昀大爬坡度提高了6.3%，等速工况下的续驶里程提高了6.5%。为检测所选的传动系统的效率，进行了动力总成实验。实验结果经过公式计算得出效率，并满足整车传动系统效率的要求。本文对纯电动汽车传动系统所进行的参数选择匹配及仿真研究，为发展纯电动汽车及开发满足纯电动汽车性能的传动系统，提供了一定的理论依据、技术参考和研究方法。关键词：纯电动汽车；传动系统；参数匹配；ADVISORSimulationResearchonPower-trainSystemandParameterMatchingofMicro-electricVehicleAbstractAlongwiththeincreasinglyconcernabouttheshortageofenergyandthepollutionoftheenvironment,pureelectricvehicleshavebeendevelopedforitsbenefitofzeroemissionandlownoise.Manycountriesmakeelectricvehiclesasthedevelopmentdirectionofautomobileindustry.Inrecentyears,althoughtherearemanycountrieswhichhavelaunchedlargemanpowerandmaterialtostudyelectricvehicles,dynamicbatteryandcertainkeytechniqueshavenotbeenbroughtthrougheffectivelyuptonow.Therangeandchargingtimeofbatterylimitedpopularizationanddevelopmentofelectricvehicles.Thereforehowtoselectthesepartsandrelationalparametersreasonably,makesthematchingachieveoptimal.Atthesamebatteryconditions,makestheelectricvehiclemeettherequestofdynamicperformanceandincreasestherange,whichisthegoalpeoplestudied,thenwhichistheimportantcontentofthepapers.Inthisthesis,basedonsometypeofEVasresearchobject.Accordingtothepower-trainrequirementofelectricvehicle，consideringthedynamicsofthevehicle,thekeyparametersofpower-trainincludingmotorparameters,batteryparameters,transmissionratio,transmissiongearseveralchoiceandsoon,whicharedesignedandmatched.UtilizingthesimulationsoftofADVISORtobuildthesimulationmodelsaboutthebattery,themotor,thepower-train,thevehiclebodyandsoon.Accordingtotherequirementoftheelectricvehicledynamicperformance,accelerationability,maximumspeed,climbingperformance,cruisingrangearesimulated.Theresultsindicatethatthechoiceofpower-trainparameterscansatisfytherequirement.ThethesisbasedonthewholeEVSperformancerequirements,transmissionratioisoptimizedagain.Makingcomparativetothesimulationofvehicleperformancebeforeandaftertheoptimization.Throughthetransmissionratioandparameteroptimization,maximumgradabilityraised6.3%,cruisingrangeundertheconditionsofconstanttravelraised6.5%.Inordertotestpower-trainsystemefficiency,power-trainexperimentisconducted.Theefficiencyisobtainedbytheformulatocalculatetheexperimentaldata.Theresultssatisfytherequirementsofpower-trainefficiency.Inthispaper,researchonElectricVehiclePower-trainSystemParameterMatchingandSimulationprovidethetheoreticalbasis,technicalreferenceandresearchmethodsforthedevelopmentofpureelectricvehiclesandthePower-trainSystemwhichcansatisfythevehicles'performance.Keywords:pureelectricvehicles;power-trainsystem;parametermatchingADVISOR插图清单图1-1电动汽车组成示意图····················································································4图2-1纯电动汽车动力传动系统基本组成································································6图2-2电机效率map图·····································································································11图2-3平直路面上车辆运行牵引力（上）与阻力（下）-速度曲线·············13图2-420%坡道上车辆运行牵引力（上）与阻力（下）-速度曲线··14图2-5电动机基速以下恒转矩输出特性··············15图2-6电动机基速以上恒功率输出特性曲线····················································16图2-7功率平衡图(两个档位动力中断情况）························································17图3-1车辆仿真参数界面······················································································24图3-2运行仿真界面·······························································································25图3-3仿真参数图···································································································26图3-4某型纯电动汽车仿真结构图···································································26图3-5车身仿真模型····························································································27图3-6车速仿真模型····························································································27图3-7车轮仿真模型····························································································28图3-8主减速器仿真模型····················································································29图3-9变速器仿真模型························································································29图3-10电动机仿真模型······················································································30图3-11能量储存仿真模型·················································································31图3-121015工况下速度与时间的关系曲·······················································32图3-13汽车仿真参数输入窗口··········································································32图3-14加速度、爬坡度参数设定······