2014年12月6级真题三套(阅读和翻译部分)含答案

2014年12月6级第一套PartIIIReadingcomprehensionSectionAQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.HisfuturesubjectshavenotalwaystreatedthePrinceofWaleswiththerespectonemightexpect.Theylaughedaloudin1986whentheheirtotheBritish(36)________toldaTVreporterthathetalkedtohisplantsathiscountryhouse,Highgrove,tostimulatetheirgrowth.ThePrincewasbeinghumorous—“Mysenseofhumorwillgetmeintotroubleoneday,”hesaidtotheaides(随从)—butlisteningtoCharlesWindsorcanindeedprovestimulating.Theroyal(37)________thatbeenpromotingradicalideasformostofhisadultlife,someofhis(38)_________whichoncesoundedahitweirdweresimplyaheadoftheirtime.Now,finally,theworldseemstobecatchingupwithhim.Takehisviewsonfarming.PrinceCharles’DuchyHomeFarmwent(39)___________backto1996.whenmostshopperscaredonlyaboutthelowpricetagonsuspiciouslyblemish-free(无瑕疵的)Vegetablesand(40)__________largechickenspiledhighinsupermarkets.Hiswarningsonclimatechangeprovedfarsighted;tooCharlesbegan(41)_________actiononglobalwarmingin1990andsayshehasbeenworriedaboutthe(42)____________ofmanontheenvironmentsincehewasateenager.Althoughhehasgraduallygainedinternational(43)__________asoneoftheaworld’sleadingconservationists,manyBritishpeoplestillthinkofhimasan(44)____________personwhotalkstoplantsThisyear,asithappens,SouthKoreanscientistsprovedthatplantsreallydo(45)__________tosound.SoCharleswasaheadofthegamethere,too.A.conformB.eccentricC.environmentalistD.expeditionsE.impactF.notionsG.organicH.originallyI.recognitionJ.respondK.subordinateL.suppressingM.throneN.unnaturallyO.urgingSectionBShouldSingle-SexEducationBeEliminated?[A]Whyisaneuroscientistheredebatingsingle-sexschooling?Honestly,IhadnofixedideasonthetopicwhenIstartedresearchingitformybook,PinkBrain,BlueBrain.Butanydiscussionofgenderdifferencesinchildreninevitablyleadstothisdebate,soIfeltcompelledtodiveintotheresearchdataonsingle-sexschooling.IreadeverystudyIcould,weighedtheexistingevidence,andultimatelyconcludedthatsingle-sexeducationisnottheanswertogendergapsinachievement—orthebestwayforwardfortoday’syoungpeople.Aftermybookwaspublished,Imetseveraldevelopmentalandcognitivepsychologistswhoseworkwasaddressinggenderandeducationfromdifferentangles,andwepublishedapeer-reviewedEducationForumpieceinSciencemagazinewiththeprovocativetitle,“ThePseudoscienceofSingle-SexEducation.”[B]Weshowedthatthreelinesofresearchusedtojustifysingle-sexschooling—educational,neuroscience,andsocialpsychology—allfailtosupportitsallegedbenefits,andsothewidely-heldviewthatgenderseparationissomehowbetterforboys,girls,orbothisnothingmorethanamyth.TheResearchonAcademicOutcomes[C]First,wereviewedtheextensiveeducationalresearchthathascomparedacademicoutcomesinstudentsattendingsingle-sexversuscoeducationalschools.Theoverwhelmingconclusionwhenyouputthisenormousliteraturetogetheristhatthereisnoclearacademicadvantageofsittinginall-femaleorall-maleclasses,inspiteofmuchpopularbelieftothecontrary.Ibasethisconclusionnotonanyindividualstudy,butonlarge-scaleandsystematicreviewsofthousandsofstudiesconductedineverymajorEnglish-speakingcountry.[D]Ofcourse,there’remanyexcellentsingle-sexschoolsoutthere,butasthesecarefulresearchreviewshavedemonstrated,it’snottheirsingle-sexcompositionthatmakesthemexcellent.It’salltheotheradvantagesthataretypicallypackedintosuchschools,suchasfinancialresources,qualityofthefaculty,andpro-academicculture,alongwiththefamilybackgroundandpre-selectedabilityofthestudentsthemselvesthatdeterminetheiroutcomes.[E]AcaseinpointisthestudybyLindaSaxatUCLA,whouseddatafromalargenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmentoevaluatetheeffectofsingle-sexversuscoeducationalhighschools.CommissionedbytheNationalCoalitionofGirls’Schools,therawfindingslookprettygoodforthefunders—higherSATscoresandastrongeracademicorientationamongwomenwhohadattendedallgirls’highschools(menweren’tstudied).However,oncetheresearcherscontrolledforbothstudentandschoolattributes—measuressuchasfamilyincome,parents’education,andschoolresources—mostoftheseeffectswereerasedordiminished.[F]Whenitcomestoboysinparticular,thedatashowthatsingle-sexeducationisdistinctlyunhelpfulforthem.Amongtheminorityofstudiesthathavereportedadvantagesofsingle-sexschooling,virtuallyallofthemwerestudiesofgirls.There’renorigorousstudiesintheUnitedStatesthatfindsingle-sexschoolingisbetterforboys,andinfact,aseparatelineofresearchbyeconomistshasshownbothboysandgirlsexhibitgreatercognitivegrowthovertheschoolyearbasedonthe“dose”ofgirlsinaclassroom.Infact,boysbenefitevenmorethangirlsfromhavinglargernumbersoffemaleclassmates.Sosingle-sexschoolingisreallynottheanswertothecurrent“boycrisis”ineducation.BrainandCognitiveDevelopment[G]Thesecondlineofresearchoftenusedtojustifysingle-sexeducationfallssquarelywithinmyareaofexpertise:brainandcognitivedevelopment.It’sbeenmorethanadecadenowsincethe“brainsexmovement”beganinfiltrating(渗入)ourschools,andthereareliterallyhundredsofschoolscaughtupinthefad(新潮).PublicschoolsinWisconsin,Indiana,Floridaandmanyotherstatesnowproudlydeclareontheirwebsitesthattheyseparateboysandgirlsbecause“researchsolidlyindicatesth