2014年春季高中英语(新人教版必修3)同步训练Unit4Astronomythescienceof

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsSectionⅠ—WarmingUp,Pre-reading,Reading&Comprehending一、单词拼写1Doyouthinkoureducation(制度)needsimproving?答案:system2Thediscussionhasbecomemoreandmore(激烈的).答案:violent3Sheis(不像)hermother.答案:unlike4Darwinspentmorethan20yearsworkingonhis(理论)ofevolution.答案:theory5Thesearethe(有害的)effectsofsmoking.答案:harmful6Thehenwasoldanditstopped(下蛋)eggs.答案:laying7Theidea(存在)onlyinthemindsofusyoungpeople.答案:exists8Thewomangave(生育)toahealthygirl.答案:birth9After(迷惑)forhours,Ifinallysawdaylightandfoundtheanswer.答案:puzzling10Yesterdaythebadweather(阻止)mefromgoingswimming.答案:prevented二、单项填空1Insummerpeopleliketowearsunglassestotheireyesfromthestrongsunlight.A.stopB.preventC.protectD.keep解析:stop...from=prevent...from=keep...from,意思是“阻止……”;protect...from的含义是“保护……不受伤害”。句意:在夏天,人们喜欢带着太阳镜保护眼睛不受强烈阳光的伤害。答案:C2Thelittlechilddidn’tunderstandthequestionsotherewasaexpressiononhisface.A.puzzling;puzzledB.puzzled;puzzledC.puzzling;puzzlingD.puzzled;puzzling解析:puzzling表示“令人迷惑的”,多用来修饰事物;puzzled表示“迷惑不解的”,多用来修饰人,也可以用来修饰人的表情(look,expression)。答案:A3(2013·浙江杭州月考)Ifyoukeepon,you’llsucceed.Wishyousuccessintheexaminations.A.intimeB.atonetimeC.forthesametimeD.sometimes解析:intime与soonerorlater同义,意为“早晚”,“终究”。由句意“如果你继续努力,你早晚会成功的。祝你考试成功。”可知答案为intime。答案:A4ThereweremanypeoplethereIwasn’tabletopickherout.A.such;thatB.very;thatC.such;whoD.so;that解析:第一个空后有many,应用so修饰;从句中不缺少主语、宾语等,因此该从句不是定语从句,而是结果状语从句,因此第二个空应选择that。答案:D5Inthisconflict,about20commonpeoplewerekilled.A.gentleB.violentC.fundamentalD.harmful解析:gentle“温和的”;violent“暴力的”;fundamental“基础的,根本的”;harmful“有害的”。根据about20commonpeoplewerekilled可知此处应用violent表示“暴力冲突”。答案:B6DengXiaoping’shashadagreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofChina.A.theoryB.ruleC.wordD.system解析:此处表示邓小平“理论”应用theory。答案:A7ItisTomtodrinksomuch;Iwonderifhe’sallright.A.likeB.likelyC.unlikeD.unlikely解析:由下文的“我怀疑他是否正常”可知应用unlike,表示“不像”。答案:C8Istheheavyrainharmfulthecrops?A.forB.atC.withD.to解析:beharmfultosth/sb的含义是“对某物或某人有害处”。答案:D9—Danny,doyouhelpyourmother?—Yes.A.lietableB.liethetableC.laytableD.laythetable解析:laythetable的含义是“摆餐具(准备吃饭)”。答案:D10Howmanylittledogshasyourdog?A.gavebirthB.gavebirthtoC.givenbirthtoD.givenbirth解析:givebirthto的含义是“生育”,根据前面的has可知应用give的过去分词。答案:C三、单句改错1Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtoplayviolentlygames.答案:violently→violent2Alifefreefromallworriesjustisn’texist.答案:isn’t→doesn’t3Theylaythecupsonthetableandsatdown.答案:lay→laid4Wedon’tdoanythingthatwillbeharmfulforpeace.答案:for→to5Don’tworry—I’msurethingswillgetbetterontime.答案:on→in四、翻译句子1如果你想及时参加会议,必须现在动身。(intime)答案:Youmustsetoffnowifyouwanttoattendthemeetingintime.2他们轮流回答张先生的问题。(inturn)答案:TheyansweredMr.Zhang’squestionsinturn.3你的想法在理论上是对的。(intheory)答案:Yourideaisrightintheory.4他不像他的爸爸,他做事很认真。(unlike)答案:Unlikehisfather,hedoeseverythingverycarefully.5这次泥石流(mudslide)对我们的交通有害处。(beharmfulto)答案:Themudslideisharmfultoourtraffic.6她打算只生一个孩子。(givebirthto)答案:Sheisgoingtogivebirthtoonlyonechild.五、阅读理解CopernicuswasborninTorun,Poland,onFebruary19,1473.Littleisknownabouthisearlylifeexceptthathisfatherdiedwhenhewas10.Anuncleadoptedhim,histwosisters,andhisbrother.Theunclesawtoitthatthetwoboysreceivedagoodeducation.CopernicuswenttotheUniversityofCracow.TherehestudiedsuchsubjectsasLatin,mathematics,andastronomy.ItwasprobablyatthattimethathechangedhisPolishname,NiklasKoppernigk,totheLatinformofNicolausCopernicus.In1496CopernicuswenttoItaly,wherehespentthenext10yearsstudyingatvariousuniversities.InCopernicus’timepeoplestillbelievedthatallthingsthesun,thestars,andtheplanets—movedaroundtheearth.Itwasanoldbeliefthatfewmenhadeverquestioned.Aristotlehadbasedhistheoryofastronomyonthisbelief.BecausetheChurchhadlongbeenthecenteroflearning,thetheorywasalsolinkedtoreligiousbeliefs.In1506Copernicusreturnedtohishomeland.AfewyearslaterhebegantoworkfortheChurch.AllthoseyearsCopernicuscarriedonhisworkinastronomy.Hehadjustthemostbasicequipmentand,likeotherscientistsofhisday,madeobservationswithonlyhiseyes.Still,usingmathematicsandlogic(逻辑),Copernicusworkedoutadifferenttheory,whichheldthattheplanetswentaroundthesun.Copernicusdidnotannouncehisideas.Hedidnotwanttomaketrouble.Buthecouldnothidethescientifictruth.Sohetalkedabouthistheorywithhisfriends,whostronglyadvisedhimtohavehisworkpublished.Hisgreatbook,OntheRevolutionsoftheHeavenlyBodies,appearedattheveryendofhislife.Copernicussawthefirstcopyonthedayhedied,May24,1543.1WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCopernicus?A.Hehadtwobrothersandasister.B.HeusedtobecalledNiklasKoppernigk.C.Helosthisfathersoonafterhewasborn.D.Hespent10yearsattheUniversityofCracow.解析:细节考查题。由第一段倒数第二句“ItwasprobablyatthattimethathechangedhisPolishname,NiklasKoppernigk,totheLatinformofNicolausCopernicus.”可知B项正确。答案:B2Fromthepassagewecanseethat“astronomy”is.A.thelifeexperienceofgreatmenB.themovementofthestarsandtheplanetsC.thescientificstudyofnaturalobjectsinspaceD.thetheoriesdevelopedbyscientistsofoldtimes解析:推理判断题。由第二、三段可知,哥白尼研究天文学即研究太阳周围的行星。由此推出答案。答案:C3Copernicusdevelopedhistheory.A.usingvarioustelescopesB.basedonAristotle’sbeliefsC.throughobservationsandreasoning(推理)D.undertheencouragementofhisfriends解析: