2012高考英语阅读理解课堂练学案(16)

12012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（16）PassageNine(TheProgram-FederalGovernmentHelpsMinorityBusiness)Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960’swhentheSmallBusinessAdministration(SBA)beganmakingfederallyguaranteedloansandgovernment-sponsoredmanagementandtechnicalassistanceavailabletominoritybusinessenterprises.Whilethisprogramenabledmanyminorityentrepreneurstoformnewbusinesses,theresultsweredisappointing,sincemanagerialinexperience,unfavorablelocations,andcapitalshortagesledtohighfailurerates.Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplemented,minoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadoptedanapproachintendedtoacceleratedevelopmentoftheminoritybusinesssectorbymovingawayfromdirectlyaidingsmallminorityenterprisesandtowardsupportinglarge,growth-orientedminorityfirmsthroughintermediarycompanies.Inthisapproach,largecorporationsparticipateinthedevelopmentofsuccessfulandstableminoritybusinessesbymakinguseofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapital.ThecapitalisusedbyaparticipatingcompanytoestablishaMinorityEnterpriseSmallBusinessesthathavepotentialtobecomefuturesuppliersofcustomersofthesponsoringcompany.MESBIC’saretheresultofthebeliefthatprovidingestablishedfirmswitheasieraccesstorelevantmanagementtechniquesandmorejob-specificexperience,aswellassubstantialamountsofcapital,givesthosefirmsagreateropportunitytodevelopsoundbusinessfoundationsthandoessimplymakinggeneralmanagementexperienceandsmallamountsofcapitalavailable.Further,sincepotentialmarketsfortheminoritybusinessesalreadyexistthroughthesponsoringcompanies,theminoritybusinessesfaceconsiderablylessriskintermsoflocationandmarketfluctuation.Followingearlyfinancialandoperatingproblems,sponsoringcorporationsbegantocapitalizeMESBIC’sfarabovethelegalminimumof$500,000inordertogeneratesufficientincomeandtosustainthequalityofmanagementneeded.MESBIC’sarenowemergingasincreasinglyimportantfinancingsourcesforminorityenterprises.Ironically,MESBICstaffs,whichusuallyconsistofHispanicandBlackprofessionals,tendtoapproachinvestmentsinminorityfirmsmorepragmaticallythandomanyMESBICdirectors,whoareusuallyseniormanagersfromsponsoringcorporations.Thelatteroftenstillthinkmainlyin2termsofthe‘socialresponsibilityapproach’andthusseemtopreferdealsthatareriskierandlessattractivethannormalinvestmentcriteriawouldwarrant.Suchdifferencesinviewpointhaveproduceduneasinessamongmanyminoritystaffmembers,whofeelthatminorityentrepreneursandbusinessesshouldbejudgedbyestablishedbusinessconsiderations.ThesestaffmembersbelievetheirpointofviewisclosertotheoriginalphilosophyofMESBIC’sandtheyareconcernedthat,unlessamoreprudentcourseiffollowed,MESBICdirectorsmayreverttopolicieslikelytore-createthedisappointingresultsoftheoriginalSBAapproach.1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?[A]TheuseofMESBIC’sforaidingminorityentrepreneursseemstohavegreaterpotentialforsuccessthandoestheoriginalSBAapproach.ThereisacrucialdifferenceinpointofviewbetweenthestaffanddirectorsofsomeMESBIC’s.[C]Afterinitialproblemswithmanagementandmarketing,minoritybusinesseshavebeguntoexpandatasteadyrate.[D]Minorityentrepreneurswishingtoformnewbusinessesnowhaveseveralequallysuccessfulfederalprogramsonwhichtorely.2.Accordingtothepassage,theMESBICapproachdiffersfromtheSBAapproachinthatMESBIC’s[A]seekfederalcontractstoprovidemarketforminoritybusinesses.Encourageminoritybusinessestoprovidemarketsforotherminoritybusinesses.[C]Attempttomaintainaspecifiedrateofgrowthintheminoritybusinesssector.[D]Relyontheparticipationoflargecorporationstofinanceminoritybusinesses.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSBAprogramcanbeinferredfromthepassage?[A]Themaximumtermforloansmadetorecipientbusinesseswas15years.Businessloanswereconsideredtobemoreusefultorecipientbusinessesthanwasmanagementandtechnicalassistance.[C]Theanticipatedfailurerateforrecipientbusinesseswassignificantlylowerthantheratethatactuallyresulted.[D]Recipientbusinesseswereencouragedtorelocatetoareasmorefavorableforbusinessdevelopment.34.Theauthorreferstothe‘financialandoperatingproblems’encounteredbyMESBIC’sprimarilyinorderto[A]broadenthescopeofthediscussiontoincludethelegalconsiderationsoffundingMESBIC’sthroughsponsoringcompanies.callattentiontothefactthatMESBIC’smustreceiveadequatefundinginordertofunctioneffectively.[C]showthatsponsoringcompanieswerewillingtoinvestonly$500,000ofgovernment-sponsoredventurecapitalintheoriginalMESBIC’s.[D]CompareSBAandMESBIClimitsonminimumfunding.5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheattitudeofsomeMESBICstaffmembertowardtheinvestmentspreferredbysomeMESBICdirectorscanbebestdescribedas[A]disappointing.Indifferent.[C]Shocked.[D]Defensive.Vocabulary1.implement执行，履行2.growth-oriented增长潜力的，有发展性的3.intermediarycompany中介公司，中间公司4.venturecapital风险资本5.entrepreneur企业家，创业者6.fluctuation波动，涨落，起伏7.pragmatically实用地难句译注1.Even15yearsaftertheprogramwasimplementedminoritybusinessreceiptswerenotquitetwopercentofthenationaleconomy’stotalreceipts.【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2％。2.Recentlyfederalpolicymakershaveadopte