2015中考英语总复习专题(一到九)

2014中考英语总复习专题一名词考点一、词义理解有些名词在不同的语境中有不同的词义。词义理解题旨在考查学生能否通过对上下文1、——可数意义wood——woodspaper(纸)——papers()room——rooms(房间)fire——fires(火灾)light(光)——lights(灯)time(时间)——timeswork——workschicken——chickens(鸡)fish——fishesorange——oranges(橘子)2、高频的近义词词组home,family,house家problem,question,trouble问题clothingclothesdress衣服job,work工作soundvoicenoise声音personpeoplehuman人3、语境辩词watertea,coffee,juicebreadricemeatcakebank考点二、词形变化sleep—asleep—sleepy名词类别方法举例表天气的-ycloud---cloudy;wind---windy表方位的-ernwest—western,south--southern表人的-lyfriend---friendly;mother--motherly表时间的-lytime—timely,week--weekly表物质的-en/-ywood—wooden,sand--sandy表抽象概念的-fulcolour—colourful,use--useful-yluck—lucky,health—healthy-lesscare-careless,use-useless表大洲与国家的-nAmerica—American,Russia—Russian-ous或-ish也可构成形容词。如danger-----dangerous(危险的)fool–foolish成方法式。1、可数名词复数的规则变化类别变化规则例词一般情况加-sbook–books,map-maps以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加-esbus—buses,box-boxes,watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-escity-cities,family-families以“f或fe结尾的词变f/fe为v再加-esknife-knives,leaf-leaveso’-s.radio-radios,photo-photos初中阶段学过的以o结尾的名词只有negro,hero,tomato,potato三个词变复数后加-es,可记为es【归纳拓展】Inordertosaveherself,thethief’swifeusedaknifetocutthewolfinhalf,whichhidbehindtheshelfundertheleaves,andendeditslife.-f/fe变为ves2.不规则变化1a为ewoman—women,man—men,policeman—policemen.2oo为eefoot—feet,tooth—teeth,3-ren.child-–children4mouse—micesheepdeer,police,people,Chinese等,还有一些名词只有复数形式trousers,socks,shoes,gloves,glasses等【归纳拓展】直接加-s表示German(德国人的)----Germans,American(美国人的)–AmericansAustralian(澳大利亚人的)—Australians(澳大利亚人)Russian–RussiansCanadian–CanadiansEgyptian–Egyptians考点四、不可数名词及其量的表示法不可数名词就是无法或者不能用数目来计算的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式。1.不可数名词的分类物质名词食物breadmeatricefishbeef饮料milk,cola,coffee,wine,tea自然物质water,air,soil,sand,wood抽象名词情感love,joy,happiness概念experience,knowledge,energy,population学科maths,geography,physics,chemistry2.不可数名词量的表示法1用much,alittle,little,alotof等表示。如;Ihavealittletimeleft.我还剩下一点时间。Thereismuchwaterinthelake.湖里有很多水。2用“计量词+ofacupoftea一杯茶twopiecesofpaper两张纸abowlof…..一碗….akiloof….一公斤….ateaspoonof…一茶匙….abottleof….一瓶….asliceof….一片…apieceof……一块…..halfakiloof….半公斤…..twoandahalfkilosof…..两公斤半…..(1但小于2也用复数形式如;1.5oneandahalfkilos或oneandahalf也就是说kilo放在oneandahalf只放在one后则用单数)考点五、名词所有格的使用1.’s形式的所有格类别构成方法举例有生命的单数名词加’smyson’spen有生命的复数名词以s结尾加’theteachers’office不以s结尾加’sthechildren’shomework表示时间、距离、国家等的名词单数加’sanhour’swalk复数加’tendays’holiday表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词后加’sMikeandJohn’sdesk表示每个人各自拥有在每个名词后加’sMike’sandJohn’sdeskstheGreens’格林夫妇的家atthedoctor’s在诊所里2、of短语构成的所有格1没有生命的名词一般用ofThisisamapofChina.(2)of短语来表示其所有关系。如;Thestoryoftheoldkindwomanismoving.这位善良的老妇人的故事很感人。3.双重所有格a,an(some、any,afew…),thisthatthesethoseof+所有格/HeisafriendofTom’s.他是汤姆的一位朋友。考点六、名词作定语修饰名词但man和woman名词保持一致。onebananatree一棵香蕉树twobananatrees两棵香蕉树Onemandoctor一位男医生fourmendoctors四位男医生1.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmore_________becauseit’sgoodformyhealth.A.orangesB.vegetablesC.icecreamsD.fish2.------I’mthirsty.MayIhavesomethingtodrink?------Ok,here’ssome_______.A.riceBbreadCwater3.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____________abouthishearttrouble.AanadviceBadviceCadvicesDtheadvices4.____________turngreeninspring.ALeafBLeafsC.LeafesDLeaves5.Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.It’s___________walk.Aafour-hourBafourhour’sCafour-hoursDfourhour’s6.--------whereisyourbrother?-------At___________.AMr.Green’sBMr.GreentheMr.Green’sDtheMr.Green7.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.AcupofcoffeeBcoffee‘scupCcupforcoffeeDcoffeecup8.------Wouldyoulike______,Sir?------No,thanks.Ihavehadmuch.AsomemoreorangeBanymoreorangesCsomemoreorangeDanymoreorange9.Therearealotof_____________inourschool.Theyworkveryhard.AwomanteachersBwomenteachersCwomanteachersDwomenteacher10.Manyfamershavelotsof__________andgotmuchmoneybysellingthe___________.Acow,beefBcows,beefCcow,beefsDcows,beefs11.Ihearwewillhavea__________holidayin__________.Atwoday’s,twoday’stimeBtwo–day,twoday’stimeCtwo-day,twodays’timeDtwodays’,two–daytime1-5DCBDA6-11ADBBC2014中考英语总复习专题二冠词考点一不定冠词thea/an基本用法以元音音素开头的词前用ana。1Thisisabook.2其他种类Adictionaryisanimportantschoolthing.3Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.4havealook,makeadecision5Therewasaheavyraininourcitylastnight.6MrGreenfinishedhissupperwithaknifeandfork.7Thisisamostbeautifulpark.倒置用法1.名词被whatsuchhalfWhataninterestingmovie!I’veneverseensuchagoodonebefore.多有趣的一部电影啊!2.名词前的形容词被quitequitea+adj.+n.howsoas等修a/an用于形容词后。JackhasquiteafewfriendsinChina,becauseheissokindaboy.考点二定冠词1用在双方都知道的人或事物前Givemethepen,please!2Mymotherboughtmeabook.Thebookisveryinteresting.3Theearthmovesaroundthesun.4Thesecondgirlistheshortestbutsheruns(the)fastestofall.(句中fast是副词)5Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.6TheWhitesaregoingtohaveapicnictomorrow.7XinjiangliesinthewestofChina.8play连用的乐器名称前Heplaysthepianoverywell.9theGreatWall,theSummerPalace10inthemorning,intheend,atthesametime,bytheway11the+the+??越??”Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越仔倒置用法1.allhalfboth等+the+名词Allthestudentsarehere,buthalfofthegirlsarelatebecauseofthestorm.2.倍数/分数+the+名词Wespenttwicethetimeofyoursonthework.我们做这个工作的时间是你的两倍。考点三零冠词某些名1.一日三餐前Hehasbreakfastatschool.他在学校吃早饭。2.与play连用的球类、棋牌类名词前Ilikeplayingbasketball,sodadboughtmean