初中情态动词用法总结

1专项：情态动词一考点：情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。二类型：1只是情态动词：can,could,may,might,must2可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need,dare3可做情态动词，可做助动词：will,would,shall,should4特殊：haveto,oughtto,usedto三特征：1有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。2无人称和数的变化。（haveto除外）Eg:Hehastostayhere.3后接动词原形。4具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。四用法：1.can①表示能力，“能，会”。Eg:Canyouplaybasketball?②表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。Eg:Lihuacan’tbeintheclassroom.③表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”=may.Eg:youcangonow.④can开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或can’t.2.could①can的过去式，表示过去的能力。Eg:IcouldswimwhenIwassevenyearsold.②could开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could,couldn’t如果could表示现在的委婉，用can回答。Eg:CouldIhaveadrink?Yes,youcan.3.may①表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。Eg:Hemaycometomorrow.②表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg:MayIborrowyourbook?注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回2答用mustn’t“不可以，禁止，不许”,不用maynot“可能不”。③表示祝愿。Eg:Mayyousuccess.4.might①表示“可以”，用于过去时中。Eg:HetoldmeImightsmokeintheroom.②用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。Eg:Hemightbedoinghislessonsnow.5.must①表示“必须，应该”。②表示推测，常用在肯定句中，表“一定”。Eg:Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.ItmustbeJim.③否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，“不允许”。④以must开头的疑问句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t,表示“不需要，不必”=“don’thaveto”.⑤表示“偏偏”。Eg:Mustyouplaythepianoatthistime.6.need①情态动词：+do,用need提问或回答，肯定句回答用must,否定句回答用needn’t.Eg:Youneedn’tcometoschoolsoearly.②实义动词：+todo,用助动词提问和否定。③+doing表示被动。④needn’thavedone表示没必要做某事但是做了。Eg:Iactuallyneedn’thaveboughtsomuchwine.7.dare①情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。Eg:I’mafraidyoudarenottodosuchathing.注：Idaresay习惯说成“也许，我想”。Eg:Itwillrainthisafternoon,Idaresay.②实义动词：daretodo,用于肯定句中，当用于否定句或疑问句时，to可以省略。Eg:Thisstudentdoesn’tdaretoraiseanyquestioninclass.8.shall①用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。Eg:ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwehavelunchhere?②表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”。Eg:Youshallfinishyourhomeworkfirst.3③用于第三人称，在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”。（不常用）9.should①表示义务，责任“应该”。Eg:Weshouldobeytrafficlaws.②作为shall过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。Eg:Mrleeaskedifheshouldgethisvisa.③表示“竟然”。Eg:It’sunthinkablethattheboyshouldsingsuchabeautifulsong.④表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。Eg:HowshouldIknow?⑤表示劝告，建议，“应该”。Eg:Youshouldlistentoyourteacher.10.will①用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。Eg:Willyoupassmethebook?②表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。Eg:Iwilltrymybesttohelpyou.③表示规律性的“注定会”。Eg:Peoplewilldiewithoutairorwater.11.would①表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。Eg:Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?12.haveto①“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。Eg:I’llhavetoaskJiminstead.②区别：must表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。13.oughtto①表示职责，义务或要求，及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。Eg:Humansoughttostoppollutingnature.②比should语气强，oughtto反映客观情况，should表示主观看法。③oughttohavedone本应该做而没有做。Eg:Youarelate.Yououghttohavearrivedfiveminutesearlier.14.usedto①表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的4时间状语连用。否定形式：usedn’tto或didn’tuseto,疑问词将use提前或Did…useto…?Eg:Hedidn’tusetobesocareless.②区别would:带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。Usedto:客观性，和现在进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。Eg:HewouldphonemeonSunday.Eg:IusedtobeveryfondofmusicwhenIwasyoung.③区别：beusedtodoing（情态动词）习惯于…Usedtodo（情态动词）过去是，过去常常…Beusedtodo(过去式)被用来做…Eg:Iamalreadyusedtonoisycitylifehere.MyparentsusedtoliveinSouthAmerica.Thismachineisusedtocutupwastepaper.15.其他：⑴hadbetterdo最好做某事Eg:Youhadbetterstayathome.否定：hadbetternotdo⑵beableto与can表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。Eg:Wewillbeabletocomebacknextweek.专题练习：1()1John___cometoseeustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hastoD.must()2They___dowellintheexam.A.canbeabletoB.beabletoC.canabletoD.areableto()3-MayItakethisbookout?-No,you___.A.can'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.aren’t()4You___goandseeadoctoratoncebecauseyou'regotafever.A.canB.mustC.dareD.would()5-CanyouspeakJapanese?-No,I____.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.needn'tD.maynot52()1-He___beintheclassroom,Ithink.-No,he___beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.A.can;maynotB.must;maynotC.may;can'tD.may;mustn’t()2-ShallIgetonemorecakeforyou,Dad?-Thanks,butyou___,I'vehadenough.A.maynotB.mustnotC.can'tD.needn’t()3Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan'tworkoutthisproblem,soitbeverydifficult.A.mayB.mustC.canD.need()4Heisn'tatschool.Ithinkhe___beill.A.canB.shallC.mustD.hasto()5___Itakethisone?A.MayB.WillC.AreD.Do3()1Thechildren___playfootballontheroad.A.can'tB.canC.mustn'tD.must()2You___belateforschoolagainnexttime.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.don'thavetoD.don'tneedto()3-MustIdomyhomeworkatonce?-No,you___.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot4()1Hisarmisallright.He___goandseethedoctor.A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto()2Hehadtogiveuptheplan,___he?A.didB.didn'tC.doesD.doesn't()3Theyhadtowalkhere,___they?A.mustn'tB.didC.didn'tD.hadn't5()1Hehadbetterstayhere,___he?A.didn'tB.don'tC.hadn'tD.isn't()2You'dbetter___latenexttime.A.nottobeB.notbeC.won'tbeD.don'tbe()3You'dbetter___yourhair___onceamonth.A.had;cutB.had;cuttedC.have;cutD.have;cutted()4You___askthatmanoverthere.Maybeheknowstheway.A.hadbetternottoB.hadnotbetterC.hadbetterD.hadbetternot6()1-ShallwegoandvisittheHistoryMuseumnextSunday?A.HereyouareB.Sorry,Ican'tC.Yes,pleaseD.Letmetry()2-Whydon'tyouaskMiketogowithus?-Thanks,___.A.IwillB.Iwon'tC.leanD.Imay()3-___Itakethenewspaperaway?6-No,youmustn't.You____readitonlyhere.A.Must;canB.May;canC.Need;mustD.Must;must7()1Excuseme.___youpleasepassmethatcup?A.DoB.ShouldC.WouldD.Must()2___youliketohaveanothertry?A.CouldB.WillC.WouldD.Do()3-Wouldyouliketogoboatingwithus?-Yes,___.A.I'dlikeB.IwantC.I'dliketoD.Ido8()1You___worryaboutyourson.Hew