15非文学翻译理念及工具

非文学翻译理念及工具揭廷媛以英文写作的原则指导汉英翻译翻译和写作ElementaryPrinciplesofCompositionMaketheparagraphtheunitofcomposition:oneparagraphtoeachtopic.Asarule,begineachparagraphwithatopicsentence;enditinconformitywiththebeginning.Usetheactivevoice.Putstatementsinpositiveform.Omitneedlesswords.Avoidasuccessionofloosesentences.Expresscoordinateideasinsimilarform.Keeprelatedwordstogether.Insummaries,keeptoonetense.Placetheemphaticwordsofasentenceattheend.欧洲委员会翻译司(Directorate-GeneralforTranslation,EuropeanCommission)FighttheFog:HowtoWriteClearly读者为本(Putthereaderfirst)对于国际航班，建议在航班起飞时间前至少三小时到达机场。对于国内航班，在其航班起飞时间前至少两小时到达机场。Itisrecommendedthatpassengersoninternationalflightsgettotheairportatleastthreehoursbeforethescheduledtake-offtime.PassengerstravelingwithinChinashouldgettotheairportatleasttwohoursbeforethescheduledtake-offtime.Wesuggestthatyouarriveattheairportatleastthreehoursbeforethescheduledtake-offtimeforinternationalflights,andtwohoursbeforethescheduledtake-offtimeforflightswithinChina.用动词，不用名词(Useverbs,notnouns)Thecommitteecametoanagreementtotheeffectthatastudyshouldbecarriedoutbytheconsultantsintothefeasibilityoftheprovisionofnationalfunding.Thecommitteeagreedthattheconsultantsshouldstudythefeasibilityofprovidingnationalfunding.要具体，不要抽象(Concrete,notabstract)积极推进企业人事制度改革，努力形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下，充满活力的用人机制。Reformthepersonnelsystemandformavigorouspersonnelmechanismunderwhichwecangatherlargenumbersoftalentedpeople,putthemtothebestuseandgetthempreparedforbothpromotionanddemotion.Promotereformofcorporatepersonnelpoliciesanddevelopgeneralrulesofappointmentwherebyableandvirtuouspeopleareselectedandputtobestuseandincompetentonesareremovedfromoffice.用主动，不用被动(Active,notpassive)ArecommendationwasmadebytheEuropeanParliamentthatconsiderationbegivenbytheMemberStatestoasimplificationoftheawardprocedure.TheEuropeanParliamentmadearecommendationthattheMemberStatesgiveconsiderationtoasimplificationoftheawardprocedure.TheEuropeanParliamentrecommendedthattheMemberStatesconsidersimplifyingtheawardprocedure.明确动作执行者(Nametheagent)ItisconsideredthattobaccoadvertisingshouldbebannedintheEU.重点信息后置(Makingsense–managingstress)ItsdecisiononallocationofESFassistancewillbetakensubsequenttoreceiptofallprojectapplicationsattheCommittee’smeeting.Whenallapplicantshavesubmittedtheirprojectapplications,theCommitteewillmeettodecidehowmuchESFaiditwillgranttoeachone.控制长度，多用小词(Keepitshortandsimple)inviewofthefactthatas…withrespecttoon…acertainnumberofsome…themajorityof…most…其他资源TheElementsofStyle(byWilliamStrunk,Jr.)Style:LessonsinClarityandGrace(JosephWilliams)EconomistStyleGuide(Economist)BBCNewsStyleGuideHowtoWriteReportsinPlainEnglish(PlainEnglishCampaign)以电子工具提高翻译质量和速度电子工具的特点检索方便内容无限更新及时便于摘录电子工具对翻译的意义网站介绍Google1.把中英文放在一起搜索Forinstance,the“impossibilitytheorem”,accordingtowhichcollectivesocialwelfarefunctionscannotbedetermined,isdirectedtowardsthedestructionofthistypeofillusion.Distributivejustice,however,canalsobeillusorybecausetheperceptionwehaveofitdoesnotmirrorrealityadequately.2.回译“知识产权的保护和实施应有助于促进技术革新及技术转让和传播，有助于技术知识的创造者和使用者的相互利益，并有助于社会和经济福利及权利与义务的平衡。”3.通配符（*）“政府颁布了鼓励中小企业发展的政策”维基百科联译网桌面电子词典巴比伦灵格斯翻译家有道桌面词典柯林斯电子词典以平行文本弥补专业知识和语言能力的不足什么是平行文本与原文内容相关（“平行”）的译入语参考资料狭义：专题性文章，百科全书中的词条，词典中德解释和例句广义：与原文内容相似的译出语资料平行文本的获得平行文本的用途获取专业知识学习专业术语借鉴表达方法模仿写作风格（为盲人）引位时，先让他的手接触到桌沿和椅背，如果是没有靠背的凳子，可拍响凳面予以提示，使他能够自行入座。SeatingNeverpropelorsteerablindorvisuallyimpairedpersonbackwardsintoaseat!Guideyourpartnertotheseatandexplainwhattypeitis,e.g.,uprightchair,lowsofa,armchair,stool.Askthemtoletgoofyourarmandplacetheirhandonthebackortheseatofthechair.Thisissufficienthelpasyourpartnerwillnowbeabletojudgetheheightoftheseatandwillbeabletositsafelyandathis/herownpace.平行文本的相关性高度相关局部相关翻译是解决问题的过程严谨的工作态度科学的调查研究方法交叉检验法定性与定量分析法以严谨的态度和科学的方法解决问题中国计划生育政策提倡一对夫妇生育一个孩子ThefamilyplanningpolicyofChinaadvocates“onecouple,onechild”advocateverb,nounverb(formal)tosupportsthpubliclySynonym:RECOMMEND[VN]Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.◆[V-ing]Manyexpertsadvocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.◆[Vthat]Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildingsbefittedwithsmokedetectors.◆(BrEalso)Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildingsshouldbefittedwithsmokedetectors.[alsoVN-ing]advocate1ad·vo·cate1/`ædvə,keɪt/verb[transitive]*topubliclysupportaparticularpolicyorwayofdoingthings:Thereisnopointinadvocatingimprovedpublictransportationunlesswecanpayforit.♦ad|vo|cate(advocatesadvocatingadvocated)Theverbispronounced/'ædvəkeɪt/Thenounispronounced/'ædvəkət/1[VERB]Vn,V-edIfyouadvocateaparticularactionorplan,yourecommenditpublicly.(FORMAL)MrWilliamsisaconservativewhoadvocatesfewergovernmentcontrolsonbusiness....thetaxpolicyadvocatedbytheOpposition.=recommendencourageverb[VN]~sb(insth)togivesbsupport,courageorhope:Myparentshavealwaysencouragedmeinmychoiceofcareer.◆Weweregreatlyencouragedbythepositiveresponseofthepublic.topersuadesbtodosthbymakin