2012年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题

2012年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyentitledHowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活2.很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行3.你对网络依赖症的看法HowWillOurLifeGoonwithoutInternet_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.TimeOfffromWorkGainsinImportanceAmericanworkersaresayingtheyneedabreak.Astheirnumberofhoursclockedonthejobhascrepthigher,moretimeoffhasbecomeabiggerpriority.Inthepastfewyears,humanresourcesexpertssaytimeoffhasconsistentlyplacedamongthetopthreeemployeeconcerns,alongwithcompensationandstaffinglevels,whereasitusedtobefartherdownthelist.InaSalary.compolltakenonlineinNovember2004,39%ofworkerssaidifgiventhechoice,theywouldchoosetimeoffovertheequivalentinadditionalbasesalary.Ofcourse,mostofthe4,600respondentsarestilloptingforthebiggerpaycheck,butthedesirefortimeoffisupalmost20%fromjustthreeyearsagowhenSalary.comconductedasimilarpoll.Thereasonsforthisshiftaremanyandvaried.Somehavetodowiththewayanewgenerationisthinkingaboutwork,whileothersaredrivenbyhowcompaniesarerespondingtorecenteconomicpressures.ANewGenerationTheresultsmayinpartrepresenttheneedsofanewbreedofworkers.TheaverageAmericanisworkingonemonth(160hours)moreeachyearthanagenerationago.AccordingtorecruitingandhumancapitalmanagementexpertJohnSumser,youngerworkersworkformeaningfirstandmoneysecond.Hegoesontowarnemployersthatthesearethepeoplewhoarethefoundationforthenextworkforceandtheymaynotbuytheexistingparadigm(范例).Astudyreleasedinlate2004bytheNewYork-basedFamiliesandWorkInstituteconcludesthatthenewbrandofyoungworkersisrejectingthework-centricstyleoftheirparents’generation.Thestudy,whichexamineschangesintheworkforceoverthepast25years,foundthatyoungerworkersaremorelikelytobe“family-centric”or“dual-centric”(withequalprioritiesonbothcareerandfamily)ratherthan“work-centric”whencomparedtomembersoftheBoomerGeneration.September11thandtheEndoftheRoaringNinetiesTheimpactoftheterroristattacksofSeptember11thcutacrossallagegroupsoftheworkforce.Wecollectivelyenteredanewera,reevaluatinglife’sprioritiesandmakingchangesinourattitudetowardtimespentatworkversushobbiesandfamily.“Istartedlookingatthingscompletelydifferently.I’vebeenfarlesswillingtoputinthe14-hourdaysnecessarytogetnoticedandclimbthecorporateladder,”saidTonyJackson,a43-year-oldemployeeofaNewYorkCity-basedfinancialservicescompany.“Frankly,Ican’tseethatchanging.”EvenbeforeSeptember11th,someexpertssaytheslowshiftinworkerattitudeswasalreadyunderwayduetotheendoftheroaring1990’s,whenhourswerelongandsignificantpersonalwealthwascreated.Forthosewhofaredwellfinancially,someoptedforcareersofcontractworkwheretheycouldcallmoreoftheshotspertainingto(与……有关的)timeoff,ornewoccupationswithgreaterpersonalrewards.Forothers,eveniftheirbankaccountswerenotspillingoverfromAmerica’seconomicheyday(全盛时期),theirownenergyhadbeendepletedduetounrelenting(毫不松懈的)yearsofworkhoursandhighstress.Theywerereadyforsomethinglesstaxing.FamiliesandWorkInstitutePresidentandco-founderEllenGalinskyagrees.ShesaystheSalary.compollnumbersshowevidenceofanincreaseinneedfortimeoffandashiftinthinkingduetothefactthatworkershavebeenpushedtotheirlimitinrecentyears.“Thisnewgenerationofworkersisattheedgeofhowlongtheycanwork.Itjustfeelsliketoomuch.Theyarenotslackers(懒虫);theyjustdon’twantmore,”saysGalinsky.MonetaryNeedsLessIntenseDuetoDualIncomeHouseholds“We’vedecidedweprefertohavemoretimetoourselves,”saysCarolKornhaber,aNewEnglandsoftwareprogrammerinherlatetwenties.Kornhaberandherhusbandarebothworkingbuthavesoughtoutjobswheretheyarenotpressedtoputinlonghours.Instead,theyhaveinsisteduponeight-hourdaysandhavingenoughvacationtimetotravel,amajorinteresttheyshare.Financialpressuresareeasedbybothofthemworkingandkeepingacarefulwatchontheirexpenses.“Weareluckyinalotofwaystohavefoundbosseswhounderstandourneeds.”BurnoutTryingtosqueezemoreproductivityoutofworkersmaybenothingnew,butithasbecomeparticularlyacuteinrecentyears.Thishasbeendueinlargemeasuretorecession-inducedlayoffsandothertrendssuchastherisingcostofhealthcarebenefits.Afteralayoff,workerswhoremainbehindareoftenaskedtopickupmostorevenalltheloadofthepeoplewhowereletgo,requiringmoreandmorehoursattheoffice.Asnewcorporateinitiativesareplanned,theinverseisalsotrue.AsSumserobs