汽车英语

AutomobileEnglish---罗嘉StructureofAutomobileFourbasicsections:1.engine2.chassis3.body4.electricalsystemThecarisoneofthemostfascinatingdevicesthatapersoncanown.Carsarealsoofthemostpervasivedevices,withatypicalAmericanfamilyowningtwocars.Acarcontainsdozensofdifferenttechnologies.Everythingfromtheenginetothetiresisitsownspecialuniverseofdesignandengineering.一辆车包含了许多不同的技术。从发动机到轮胎，每一个零部件都有自己专门的设计和工程技术领域。Butanyautomobilesaremadeupoffourbasicsections:engine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.enginechassiscarbodyelectricalsystemTheautomobileengineisaninternalcombustionenginewhichconvertstheheatenergyoffuelintomechanicalenergytomakethecarmove.Intheinternalcombustionengine,combustiblemixtureiscompressedandthenburnedinsidetheenginecylinders.Theburningofair-fuelmixtureproduceshighpressurewhichforcespistontomovedownward.Themovementistransmittedtothecrankshaftbytheconnectingrod.Thecrankshaftismadetorotatethen.Therotarymotioniscarriedthroughthepowertraintothewheelssothattheyrunandthecarmoves.crankshaftinternalcombustionengineAsthesourceofpower,theenginerequiresafuelsystemtosupplywithfuelorthemixtureofairandfuel.Itplaysavitalroleinthepower-producingprocess.Supposetheengineisagasolineengine,thefuelsystempumpsliquidgasolinefromatankintothecarburetorwherethegasolinecanbemixedwithair.假设发动机为汽油机，燃油供给系统会把油箱里的液态汽油泵到化油器，并在此处将汽油与空气混合.Themixtureisdeliveredtotheenginewhereitisburned.IftheengineisEFIengine,fuelisdeliveredfromthetanktotheinjectorbymeansofanelectricfuelpump.Thefuelinjectors,whichdirectlycontrolsfuelmeteringtotheintakemanifold,ispulsedbytheECU.TheECUdeterminersair/fuelratiooftheengineaccordingtoenginecondition.gasolineengineInnerstructureofgasolineenginefour-strokeofgasolineengineTheenginealsoneedsacoolingsystem,becausethecombustionoftheair-fuelmixtureintheenginecreatesaveryhightemperature(ashighas2000to2700℃).Thecoolingsystemtakesheatawayfromtheenginebyeithercirculatingliquidcoolant(watermixedwithantifreeze)betweentheengineandaradiator,orpassingairthroughtheradiator.Today,liquid-cooledenginearecommon.Itcoolsoffasitgoesthroughtheradiator.Thus,thecoolantcontinuallytakesheatawayfromtheengine,whereitcoulddodamageanddeliversittotheradiator.coolingsystemTheenginealsoincludesalubricatingsystem.Thepurposeofthelubricatingsystemistosupplyallmovingpartsinsidetheenginewithlubricatingoil;theoilkeepsmovingpartsfromwearingexcessively.润滑系统的作用是给发动机内部的运动部件提供润滑油；润滑油可使运动部件避免过度的磨损。lubricatingsystemTheforthisastartingsystemanditspurposeistochangetheelectricalcurrentintothemechanicalenergytopushthecrankshaftaround.Bymeansofthis,theenginecanbestarted.startingsystemThewaytoproduceheatenergyisdifferentbetweengasolineanddieselengines,thereisonlyanignitionsystemingasolineengine.Theignitionsystemprovideshigh-voltageelectricsparksthatsetfiretothechargesofair-fuelmixtureintheenginecombustionchambers.点火系统产生高压电火花点燃发动机燃烧室内的可燃混合物。However,theheatenergyforignitingthechargesiscreatedwithinthedieselenginebycompressingpureairtoadegreethatwillinitiatecombustionandtheninjectingthefuelattherighttimeinrelationtothemovementofthecrankshaft.可是，在柴油发动机中，燃油点火的热量是靠将空气压缩到可以引燃的程度来产生的，并在对应于曲轴转动的恰当时刻喷入燃料air-fuelmixturedieselengineDieselengine:combustionengineInnerstructureofdieselengineAchassiswhichisconsideredasasupportframeforanautobodyisusedtoassembleallautospareonit.Infact,whenpowerfromenginecontinuestobetransmittedtochassis,itbeginswithpowertrain,goesontosteering,wheelsuspension,brakesandtires.Theseindividualcomponentsinteractwitheachotherclosely.Therefore,achassisitselfcanbedividedintothefollowingsystems.底盘是用来总装汽车零部件，它被认为是车身的支架。Drivingsystemconnectsthetransmissionwiththedrivingaxle.Ineffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Thedrivingsystemconsistsoftheclutch,tansmission,universejoint,drivingaxle,etc.drivingaxleclutchstructureofclutchSteeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.Itiscomposedofthesteeringwheel,steeringcolumn,wormgearsector,steeringdroparmandworm.SteeringsystemBrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.Itconsistsofthedrumordiscbrakeassembly,brakeleverassembly,etc.AnAnti-lockBrakeSystem(ABS)isacomputer-controlledbrakesystemthathelpspreventwheellockupduringbraking.ABSsystemcanmaintaincontrolofthevehicle.Itworksbylimitingthepressuretoanywheel,whichdeceleratestoorapidly.Thisallowsmaximumstoppingforcetobeappliedwithoutbrakelockup.ASRstandsforAccelerationSlipRegulationanditisthewayofguaranteeingthatthewheelshaveequaltractionwhenyouneedtoacceleratequickly.ASR代表驱动防滑转，它是当你要急加速时保证每个车轮有相等的地面附着力的措施。AccelerationSlipRegulationTheautomobilebodywhichisregardedastheframeworkisseatedonthechassis.Itsfunctionisobviousforoccupantstoprovidecomfort,protectionandshelter.Theautomobilebodyisgenerallydividedintofoursections:thefront,theupperortop,rearandtheunderbody.Thesesectionsarefurtherdividedintosmallunits,suchasthehood,thefenders,theroofpanels,thedoor,theinstrumentpanel,thebumpersandtheluggagecompartment.Theelectricalsystemisconsideredanauto