物理英文术语

物理力force重力gravity摩擦力friction拉力traction质量mass惯量Interia加速度acceleration力矩torque静止atrest相对relative能量energy动能keneticenergy势能potentialenergy功work动量momentum角动量angularmomentum能量守恒energyconservation保守力conservedforce振动vibration振幅amplitude波wave驻波standingwave震荡oscillation相干波coherentwave干涉interference衍射diffraction轨道obital速度velocity速率speed大小magnatitude方向direction水平horizental竖直vertical相互垂直perpendicular坐标coordinate直角坐标系cersiancoordinatesystem极坐标系polarcoordinatesystem弹簧spring球体sphere环loop盘型disc圆柱形cylinder电学磁学：电子electron电荷charge电流current电场electricfield电通量electricflux电势electircpotential导体conductor电介质dieletric绝缘体insultalor电阻resistor电阻率resistivity电容capacitor无穷infinite横截面crossection匀强电场uniformelectricfield分布ditribution磁场magneticfield磁通量magneticflux电感inductance变压器transformer频率frequency周期period电磁波electomagneticwave平面plane热学：热平衡thermalequilibrium理想气体idealgas热能thermalenergy热量heat热容heatcapacity外界surrounding准静态过程quasi-staticprocess这几个比较容易搞混我就经常搞混等体过程isochoricprocess等压过程isobaricprocess等温过程isothermalprocess绝热过程adiabaticprocess循环cycle光学光light光程opticalpath光强度lightintensity偏振polarization波长wavelength传播propagation量子力学（高中好像讲了一点点）原子atomic光子photon光电效应photo-electriceffect物质波matterwave光谱spectrum激光laser衰减decay辐射radiation械振动mechanicalvibration简谐振动simpleharmonicoscillation振幅amplitude周期period频率ferquency赫兹hertz单摆simplependulum受迫振动forcedvibration共振resonnance机械波mechanicalwave介质medium横波transversewave纵波longitudinalwave波长wavelength超声波supersonicwave阿伏加德罗常数Avogadroconstant布朗运动Brownmation热运动thermalmotion热力学能thermalenergy内能internalenergy热力学第一定律firstlawofthermodynamics能量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy热力学第二定律secondlawofthermodynamics各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy单晶体singlecrystal(monocrystal)多晶体ploycrystal表面张力surfacetension毛细现象capillarity液晶liquidcrystal电荷electriccharge电荷量queantitydfelectricity正电荷positivecharg负电荷negativecharg库仑定律Coulomblaw静电感应electrostaticinduction感应电荷inducdecharge元电荷elementarycharge电荷守恒定律lawofconservationofcharge库仑（电荷单位）coulomb电场electricfileld电场强度electricfieldstrength电场线electricpotential电势electricpotential电势差/电压electricpotentialdifference伏特volt电容capacitance电容器capacitor法拉（电容单位）farad电流electriccurrent安培（电流单位）ampere电阻resistance欧姆（电阻单位）ohm电动势electormotiveforce(e.m.f.)半导体semiconductor超导体superconductor磁性magnetism磁场magneticfield磁感线magneticinductionline安培定则Ampererule安培力Ampereforce磁感应强度magneticinduction左手定则left-handrule洛伦兹力Lorentzforce磁通量magneticflux电磁感应elctromagneticinduction感应电流inductioncurrent感应电动势inductionelectromotiveforce电磁感应定律lawofelectromagneticinduction右手定则right-handrule自感self-induction交流alternatingcurrent瞬时值instantaneousvalue峰值peakvalue有效值effectivevalue电感inductance变压器transformer电能electricenergy电磁场electromagneticfield电磁波electromagneticwave雷达radar光线lightray平行光parallellight实象realimage虚象virtualimage折射refaction入射角incidentangle反射角reflectionangle折射角diffractionangle折射率diffractionindex全反射totalreflection临界角criticalangle光导纤维opticalfiber棱镜prism色散dispersion光谱spectrum波的衍射diffractionofwave波的干涉interferenceofwaves红外线infraredray紫外线ultravioletrayX射线X-ray电磁波谱electromagneticeffect光电效应photoelectriceffect光子photon普朗克常数Planckconstant波粒二象性wave-particleduality概率波probabilitywave物质波matterwave激光laser电子electron质子proton中子neutron核子nucleon同位数isotope原子核nucleus能级energylevel基态groundstate激发态excitedstate跃迁transition放射性radioactivityα射线αrayβ射线βrayγ射线γray衰变decay核反应nuclearreaction核能nuclearenergy质能方程mass-energyequation裂变fission链式反应chainreaction聚变fusion热核反应thermonuclearreaction介子meson轻子lepton强子hadron