常见的非谓语动词知识点总结

非谓语动词①一个句子常不能出现两个做谓语的动词②非谓语动词即在句中不做谓语,但却具有部分动词的性质(接宾语或表语)③分类时间意义不定式后时性表将来一次性动作也称动词动名词泛时性概念性v-ing形式现在分词也称动词现时性主动意义过去分词分词形式完成性被动意义一、动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not+(to)do;完成式tohavedone；进行式;tobedoing;1,不定式的句法功能：(1)作主语:常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后常用句式有：①It+be+名词+todo;②Ittakessb.+sometime+todo;③It+be+形容词+ofsb.(人的品质)/forsb.+todo;Itisveryhardforustofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.Itiscarelessofyoutomakesuchasillymistake.It’snecessaryforyoutotreasurethetime.(2)作表语：Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.(3)作宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Wethinkitimportanttostudyhard.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.Heaskedmewhattodonext.(4)作宾语补足语：Hetellsmetostudyhard.Heaskedmetositdown.(5)作定语：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next,second,last,only等限定词时候，只能用不定式。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.What’sthenexttodo?Sheistheonlygirltotakepartintheparty.Ihaveameetingtoattend.Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.(6)作状语：①表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果、意料之外)：常放在never,only后Hearrivedlateonlytofindthetrainhadgone.Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.Theprisonerbreaksprisontwotimes,onlytobecaught.③表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.2,不定式的省略：Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.3,不定式的并列：Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.二、动名词:为名词的一种。1．形式:Ving；否定式；被动式：完成式：完成被动式；复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词2．动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Readingaloudisveryhelpful.Collectingstampsisinteresting.（2）作表语:Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.（3）作宾语:Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.（4）作定语：Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?（5）作同位语：Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged．固定搭配：①Itis+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive,fun,apity,apleasure等adj.或n)+doingsth．Itisuselessspeaking.Itisniceseeingyouagain．ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper．Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．②Thereis(nouse,nogood,difficulty,trouble,problem,fun,apity,apleasure等adj.或n)+doingsth．Thereisnoneedtodo…Thereisgreatfundoingoutdoorgames.Thereisnopleasureseeingnaturethroughdustycurtains.③Sb.have(difficulty,trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,nogood,noneed等名词)+doingsth．Wehavetroubleworkingoutthemathproblem.Shehasfunplayingcomputergames.三、现在分词具有形容词和副词的特征。现在分词的形式：否定式；主动语态；被动语态；1.现在分词的句法功能：（1）作定语：Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.（2）作表语:HeisstudyingEnglishnow.（3）作宾语补足语：Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?（4）作状语：①作时间状语：(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.②原因:BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.③条件：(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.④伴随:Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.Hegetshomelate,feelingtiredandhungry.⑤结果:Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.Thegovernmentfailedtocontrolthesituation,causingtherevolutionofpeople.Theconstructionofthegymcausedmuchnoise,makingitdifficultforpeoplenearbytosleep.⑥目的:Hewentswimmingtheotherday.⑦让步：Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.四、过去分词的句法功能：1.作定语：OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.2．作表语:Thewindowisbroken.3．作宾语补足语：Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.4．作状语Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.Encouragedbythesuccessofhisfriend,hestartedseekinghisfortuneincity.非谓语动词注意的事项：1,否定式都在其前面否定Heapologizedforhisnotbeingabletoarriveontime.I’msurprisedatyournothavingnoticed.Nothavingfinishedhiswork,hecouldnotleavetheoffice.Jenny’snothavingbeentrainedasadancerisheroneregret.2,主动形式表被动意义Thecityisworthvisiting.Thebookisworthreading.Ihavealettertopost.但need/require/want/deserve注意Theflowerneedstobewatered.(√)Theflowerneedswatering.(√)Theflowerneedstowater.(×)Themandeservestobepraised.(√)Themandeservespraising.(√)Themandeservestopraise.(×)3，独立主格非谓语动词在句首，发出此动作的逻辑主语与句子主语要一致；也可通过添加独立主格来表达句子。Sittingonthebike,Icameupwithalotofideas.(√)Sittingonthebike,alotofideascameintomymind.(×)TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.(√)TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.(×)Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.Therebeingnooneintheroom,helockedthedoor．Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.ItbeingSunday,theschoolisclosed.Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema．Withtheworkfinished,theywentouttoplay.4，独立成分：Totellthetruth/tobefrank/tobehonest;Generallyspeaking/franklyspeaking/honestlyspeaking;Judgingfrom/byJudgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.5，V-ing的形容词常修饰物，表示物的特征特点；同时也可表示动作的进行中，发展中excitingmatch;developingcountry;boilingwater;burninghouse;V-ed的形容词常修饰人，表示人的心情；同时也可表示动作的完成。Excitedboy;boiledwater/fallenleaves/newlyarrivedgoods/thechangedworld/developedcountry/boiledwater/burnthouse