现在完成时态讲解及练习

..现在完成时态讲解及练习一、现在完成时的构成肯定句：主语+have/has+done(过去分词)+其它HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done(过去分词)+其它HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?否定句:主语+have/has+not+done(过去分词)+其它Hehasnotfinishedhishomework.过去分词的构成方法如下:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加–ed.work---workedanswer---answeredobey---obeyedwant---wanted2.以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加–d.Move---movedhope---hopeddivide---divided3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.study---studiedtidy---tidiedsatisfy---satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加–ed.stop---stoppedregret---regretteddrop---dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、AAA.（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）1.花费costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.伤害hurthurthurt4.让letletlet5.放putputput6.朗读readreadread7.设置setsetset8.打击，碰撞hithithit9.关上门窗shutshutshut10.让letletlet二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）1)过去式、过去分词含有-ought1.带来bringbroughtbrought2.买buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughtthought5.寻找、探究seeksoughtsought2)过去式、过去分词含有-aught5.抓住catchcaughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught3)过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花费spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4)过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d11.学会learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed12.意思meanmeantmeant13.燃烧burnburnt/edburnted13.做梦dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed13.处理dealdealtdealt14.听hearheardheard5）过去式、过去分词改为-ept15.保持keepkeptkept16.睡觉sleepsleptslept17.扫sweepsweptswept6）过去式、过去分词改为-elt..18.感觉feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼写spellspelt/edspelt/ed7)过去式、过去分词改为-aid20.孵蛋laylaidlaid21.说saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8)过去式、过去分词改为-old23.卖sellsoldsold24.告诉telltoldtold9)过去式、过去分词改为-ood25站standstoodstood26.明白understandunderstoodunderstood10)其它变化27.得到getgotgot(gotten)28.坐sitsatsat29.照顾babysitbabysatbabysat30.离开leaveleftleft31.失去loselostlost32.找到findfoundfound33.有have(has)hadhad34.握住，召开holdheldheld35.制造makemademade36.悬挂hanghunghung37.照耀shineshoneshone39.赢winwonwon40逃跑fleefledfled41喂feedfedfed42.引导，导致leadledled43遇见meetmetmet三、ABA（过去式与原形一致）1.变成becamebecomebecome2.来comecamecome3.跑runranrun四、ABC（原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）1).过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en1.击败beatbeatbeaten2.破坏breakbrokebroken3.驾驶drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5.落下fallfellfallen6.给givegavegiven7.生长growgrewgrown8.知道knowknewknown9.吹blowblewblown10.扔throwthrewthrown11.展示showshowedshown12.弄错mistakemistookmistaken13.拿taketooktaken14.摇动shakeshookshaken15.说speakspokespoken16.选择choosechosechosen2)三种形式都有变化1是be(is,am;are)was;werebeen2开始beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飞flyflewflown6忘记forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺lielaylain8骑rideroderidden9打电话ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13写writewrotewritten14去gowentgone二、现在完成时标志词：..recently;recentyears;thesedays/years;lately;since;for+时间段；inthepastfewyears;eversince;inthelastfivemonths;uptonow;sincethen;sofar;ever;never,yet;once;twice;already;before;justalready(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经):用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn’tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever(曾经)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never(从不)Ihaveneverseenhim.before(以前)Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since(自从…以来)I’veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for(长达)He’slivedinShenzhenfor6years.inthepastseveraldays/weeks/years(在过去的…)recently(最近)Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar(到目前为止)Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow(到目前为止)thismorning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)三、现在完成时的用法1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与already(已经),yet(已经),just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.Already，yet的用法already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗户现在是坏的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我现在没有钥匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解书的内容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干净的)3)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.since,for的用法:since:(自…以来)1)since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o’clock.2)since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago...3)since+从句for:(长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince3o’clock?四、have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾经去过某地，人已经回来了have/hasgoneto去了某地，人还没回来have/hasbeenin去了某地并一直待在那1.我去过上海。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.2.---WhereisJim？--HehasgonetoEngland．（尚未回来）3.IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears．我到上海已有三年了。1、现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：thismorning/month/year...，today等)连用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2、现在完成时的未完成用法现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：1.Hehaslivedheresince1978/hemovedhere.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)2.Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：uptonow，sofar到目前为止)等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。3.瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态动作状态动作状态diebedeadbeginbeonborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbeoverleavebeawayjoinbeinarrivebeheremarrybemarried例如：1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years...2.Nick参军3年了.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years3.他离开深圳好长时间了。HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.4.这本书我已借了4个月了Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词have/has+过去分词。如：Thefilmstartedat7o'clock.Hehasbeenateacherformanyyea