Welding-Safety

焊接作业安全UpdatedonJul,2010ehsThistrainingisinformationalonlyanddoesnotcertifyorqualifyanyassociatesintheuseofOxy-Acetyleneburningorwelding.此培训仅提供焊接操作安全要求，并非用于验证或授权任何同事可以进行焊接操作！Pergovernmentrequirements,licensesareneededforwelding!根据政府要求，焊接作业为特种作业，必须持证上岗ehs培训内容Oxy-AcetyleneWeldingSafety气焊安全–Oxy&acetylene–GascylinderSafety–PPEArcWeldingSafety电焊安全FireHazard焊接火灾安全ehsOverviewofOxy-AcetyleneWeldingehsOverviewofOxy-AcetyleneWeldingSafetyThehazardsareprimarilycompressedgascylinders,flammablegasesandopenflame.气焊的危害主要来源于压缩气瓶、易燃性气体与明火ehsOxy-AcetyleneWeldingSystemA.Safetydisc安全阀B.Cylindervalve瓶阀C.Cylinderpressuregauge气瓶压力表D.Workingpressuregauge工作压力E.Oxyregulator调压阀F.Regulatoradjustingscrew调节旋钮G.Acetylenecylindersafetydisc安全阀H.Acetylenecylindervalve瓶阀I.Cylinderpressuregauge气瓶压力表ehsOxy-AcetyleneWeldingSystemJ.Workingpressuregauge工作压力K.Acetyleneregulator调压阀L.Regulatoradjusting调节旋钮M.Acetylenehose乙炔气管N.Oxygenhose氧气气管O.Oxygentorchvalve气枪氧气阀P.Acetylenetorchvalve气枪乙炔阀Q.Torch气枪R.Weldingtip气嘴S.Acetylenecylinder乙炔瓶T.Oxygencylinder氧气瓶ehsGas-OxygenThereisapproximately21%oxygeninnormalair空气中氧气含量约占21%Pureoxygendoesnotburnorexplode纯氧不会发生燃烧或爆炸Oxygenwillisan“accelerant”,itcauseseverythingitcomesincontactwithtoburnhotterandfaster氧气会助燃30%oxygenintheatmospherewillcausethingstoburnorexplode8timesfaster氧气含量增加会加剧燃烧ehsGas-AcetyleneExplosiverangeis3.0to93%爆炸极限为3%-93%Needsonly10%ofoxygentoignite在10%氧气浓度的环境下就能燃烧Itisanunstablegas,willviolentlydecomposewheninapurestateabove15psi非常不稳定，在大于15psi的环境下会发生剧烈分解反应Remember,acetyleneisaverydangerousgas请记住，乙炔非常危险！ehsOxygenCylinderScheduledinspectionrequired.需要进行定期的检查2,200+psiwhenfilled充装完毕后压力达到2200psiSafetydisc,nut,releasesat3,000psi.提供有泄压设计Mustnotbedropped.避免气瓶发生跌落ehsOxygenCylinderShouldnotbeusedasaroller.不得将气瓶作业辊子使用Neveruseanylubricatesonthreadsoranypartofthecylinder.不得在气瓶或其螺纹位置使用润滑油Thevalveshouldneverbeleftexposed.Itmustalwayshavetheregulatorattachedorthecapon.避免气瓶瓶阀裸露ehsAcetyleneCylinderAcetylenecylindersmustbeabletostopthepropagationofacetylenedecompositionwithinthecylinderinitiatedbyabackfireoranexternalheatingoftheacetylenecylinder.必须避免回火或热源等原因导致乙炔发生分解Protectedbyfuseplugsthatmeltat212oF.提供熔断丝进行保护ehsAcetyleneCylinderAcetoneisalsopresentwithinthecylindertostabilizetheacetylene.气瓶使用丙酮来使乙炔稳定Acetylenecylindersshouldalwaysbestoredintheuprightpositiontopreventtheacetoneformescapingthuscausingtheacetylenetobecomeunstable.气瓶必须保持直立以避免丙酮溢出导致乙炔不稳定ehsAcetyleneCylinderAcetylenecylindershutoffvalvesshouldonlybeopened1/4to1/2turn使用时气瓶应仅开启1/2到1/4转Thiswillallowthecylindertobeclosedquicklyincaseoffire.这样可以当发生火灾时可以迅速关闭气瓶ehsPressureRegulatorsforCylindersGassystemsmusthaveapressureregulatortoreducethepressurefromthehighpressureinthecylinderdowntotheworkingpressure.调压阀用于调整瓶内高压气体至正常工作压力Neverstandinfrontorbehindaregulatorwhenopeningthecylindervalve开启阀们时不要站在正前方ehsOxygenandAcetyleneRegulatorPressureSettingsRegulatorpressuremayvarywithdifferenttorchstylesandtipsizes.使用压力可能因气枪及物料尺寸而不同Commongaugesettingsforcutting切割操作常用压力设定–1/4”materialOxy30-35psiAcet3-9psi–1/2”materialOxy55-85psiAcet6-12psi–1”materialOxy110-160psiAcet7-15psiCheckthetorchmanufacturesdataforoptimumpressuresettings可根据焊枪制作厂家的建议设定ehsOxygenandAcetyleneRegulatorPressureSettingsThemaximumsafeworkingpressureforacetyleneis15PSI!乙炔最高安全工作压力不得超过15PSIehsCylinderTransportationNevertransportcylinderswithoutthesafetycapsinplace搬运气瓶时确保瓶帽盖好Nevertransportwiththeregulatorsinplace避免气瓶在搬运时安装有调压阀Neverallowbottlestostandfreely.Alwayschainthemtoasecurecartorsomeotherobjectthatcannotbetoppledeasily.确保气瓶稳固放置ehsCylinderStorageStorageareamustbewellventilated存储区域保持通风良好Cylindersmustbeatleast20feetfromcombustiblesor5feetwitha1/2hourfirebarrier气瓶与易燃性物料保持至少20英尺间距Valvesmustbeclosed保持瓶阀紧闭Valveprotectionmustbeinplace存储时使用瓶帽Cylindersmustbestoredinuprightposition气瓶存放时保持直立ehsFlashbackFlashback:occurswhentheflameburnsinsideofthetorch当火焰在焊枪内燃烧时可能出现回火.–Usuallyaccompaniedbyashrillhissingorsquealingsound.通常伴随有嘶嘶声–Mayhavepuffsofblacksmokecomingoutofthetip.可能有黑烟从焊枪中散出–Apotentiallyseriouscondition.Ifnotstoppedtheflamecantravelupthehosesandintotheregulator.如果不能阻止，火焰可能沿气管烧至调压阀–Primarycauseisablockedtipandunequalworkingpressures.发生的主要原因焊枪堵塞和工作压力不均衡ehsFlashbackSafetycodesrequiretorchestohavecheckvalvesandflashbackarresters为保证安全需提供止回阀和回火防止器.–OldertorcheswillnothavecheckvalvesorflashbackarrestersIfnotincluded,theyshouldbeaddedinlinebetweentheregulatorandthetorch.如果没有，应加装在调压阀至焊枪之间FlashbackarrestorCheckvalvesehsFlashbackAlwaysuseaflintandsteelsparklightertolighttheoxygenacetyleneflame.使用打火石进行点火Neveruseabutanelightertolighttheflame不要使用丁烷打火机点火ehsWeldingHosesHosesarecolorcoded气管颜色有规定.–Blue蓝色:oxygen氧气–Red红色:acetylene乙炔Hosesshouldbeprotectedfromhotmetalandphysicaldamage.防止气管被高温物料破坏和避免物理性损害ehsShuttingDownSystemClosecylindervalves关闭瓶阀Opentorchvalves打开焊枪阀门–Leaveopenuntilregulatorgaugesreadzero.保持开启直到归零–Somesourcesrecommenddoingfuelfirstandoxygenlast后.有建议先放尽乙炔，最后氧气Closetorchvalves关闭焊枪阀门Releasetensiononregulatoradjustingscrew.关闭调压阀Rolluphosesandplacetorchinasafeposition.收好气管ehsPPE