2011年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案(4)

12011年12月英语四级考试模拟试题熊5PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:TheImportanceofkeepingAGoodMood.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.人们每天都生活在压力之下2.所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3.我的观点和原因PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.GulfWrackedByKatrina'sLatestLegacy-Disease,Poisons,MoldAmonthafterHurricaneKatrinatorethroughtheU.S.GulfCoast,medicalexpertsarenowstrugglingwiththelatestcrisisintheregion;contamination(污染).KatrinaleftNewOrleansandothercommunitiestaintedwithoil,sewage,andpossiblypoisonsleachedfromfederaltoxicwastesites,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)says.Thepollution,combinedwiththelackofregularmedicalservicesintheregion,hasraisedseriousquestionsaboutthesafetyofNewOrleansandothercoastaltownsaspeoplelongingforhomebegintogoback.Idon'tthinkNewOrleansissafeforpeopletoreturnto,fromapublichealthandenvironmentalhealthstandpoint,saidMiriamAschkenasy,anenvironmentalhealthexpertworkingwithOxfamAmericaintheregion.Muchofthecontaminationrestsinthebrown,filmysediment(沉淀物)leftbehindbyKatrina'spollutedfloodwaters.RecentEPAtestsofthesedimentconfirmedhighlevelsofE.colibacteria,oilandgaschemicals,andlead,aswellasvaryingquantitiesofarsenic.Thehealthrisksposedbythesedimentareimmediate,expertssay,becausethesludge(淤泥)isnearlyimpossibleforreturningresidentstoavoid.InNewOrleans,itcoverseverysurfacethatwasflooded,fromcarsandnow-deadlawnstotheentirecontentsoffloodedhomes,stores,hospitals,andschools.Whenpeoplecomeback,theyareexposedtothesediment,saidWilmaSubra,achemistfromNewIberia,Louisiana,whoisanalyzingthesediment.It'sintheiryardsandhouses.OldPollutionResurfacingPlaqueminesParish,aruralcountyonthepeninsulasouthofNewOrleans,isnowcoveredwithevenmoretoxicsedimentthanitwastwoweeksago,thankstoHurricaneRita.Sixinchesuptoonefoot(15to30centimeters)ofsludge,Subrareported.MuchofthesludgeinPlaqueminesistheproductofnearbybayousandbaybottoms,wheresedimentwasliftedupbyKatrina'sandRita'sstormsurges.Thesedimenthasbeenpollutedovertheyearswithindustrialchemicalsandheavymetals,saidSubra,whotestedthesedimentfortheSouthernMutualHelpAssociation,anonprofitorganizationinNewIberia,Louisiana.Thesewaterbodieshavereceivedindustrialwastesfordecades,shesaid.Thismaterialhastoxic2chemicals,metals,andorganicpetrochemicals(石化产品).MattershaveonlybeenmadeworsebymultipleoilspillscausedbyKatrinaandRita.AccordingtotheU.S.CoastGuard,11oilspillshaveoccurredinsouthernLouisiana,totaling7.4milliongallons(28millionliters)ofoil,mostofwhichhasbeencontained.BacterialevelsarealsoespeciallyhighinthePlaqueminessludge,saidRodneyMallett,spokespersonfortheLouisianaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality.Thesewagetreatmentplantswereunderwater,heexplained.Betweentheanimalwasteandthehumanwaste,you'vegotalotofbacteria.ProtectionKitsHealthandenvironmentalagenciesareadvisingpeopletoavoidcontactwiththesludge.Theyrecommendthatpeopleweargloves,goggles,anddustmasks,andthattheywashpromptlyifexposureoccurs.EPAofficialsaredirectingpeopletoitsWebsite()toinformthemselvesofthecontaminationrisks.Butmostpeoplereturningtotheareadon'thavecomputerstogetthatinformation,saidErikOlson,anattorneyfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,anenvironmentaladvocacygroup.Ifyou[do]readtheWebsite,headded,youpracticallyhavetohaveadegreeinchemistrytounderstandit.Tobetterinformpeopleofhealthrisks,theSouthernMutualHelpAssociationandOxfamAmericaaredevelopingaprogramtogiveeveryreturningresidentaprotectivekit.Eachkitwouldcontainwaterproofsuits,goggles(风镜),shoecovers,andmasks,alongwithinformationaboutpotentialhazards,Volunteerswouldgiveoutthekitsatthesecuritycheckpointsthatnowstandatthemajorentrancestoaffectedcities.Thegroupshavemadeahundreddemonstrationkits,whichcostabout$100(U.S.)eachtoproduce,andhaveshownthemtostateleadersinLouisiana.Thegovernorisreallyinfavorofthis,Subrasaid.Wejusthavetodeterminehowwe'regoingtofundthem.ToxicMoldBloomsInadditiontothetoxicsediment,sprawlingbloomsofmoldhavenowtakenholdinmanyfloodedhomes.Themoldisgrowingeverywhere-homesarejustcoatedwithit,Subrasaid.TheproblemhasbecomesowidespreadthatfederalhealthofficialswarnedWednesdayofallergicreactionsandtoxicresponsestothemold.Professionalsshouldbehiredtocleanmoldthatcoversmorethantensquarefeet(onesquaremeter),theyurged.Those[surfaces]thatcan'tbecleanedneedtoberemoved,saidStevenRedd,chiefoftheAirPollutionandRespiratoryHealthBranchoftheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).TheeffectsofthemoldarealreadysurfacinginMississippi,whererespiratory(呼吸的)problemsareamongtheillnessesdoctorstherearereporting.We'reseeingalotofasthmafrominhalingthemold,saidRichardPaat,teamleaderofat