电动汽车电池系统（英文原版）

ELECTRICVEHICLEBATTERYSYSTEMSNewnesisanimprintofButterworth–Heinemann.Copyright©2002byButterworth–HeinemannAmemberoftheReedElseviergroupAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortrans-mittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,record-ing,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.Recognizingtheimportanceofpreservingwhathasbeenwritten,Butterworth–Heine-mannprintsitsbooksonacid-freepaperwheneverpossible.Butterworth–HeinemannsupportstheeffortsofAmericanForestsandtheGlobalReLeafprograminitscampaignforthebettermentoftrees,forests,andourenvi-ronment.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataDhameja,Sandeep.Electricvehiclebatterysystems/SandeepDhameja.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-7506-9916-71.Automobiles,Electric—Batteries.I.Title.TL220.D492001629.22¢93—dc212001030855BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.Thepublisheroffersspecialdiscountsonbulkordersofthisbook.Forinformation,pleasecontact:ManagerofSpecialSalesButterworth–Heinemann225WildwoodAvenueWoburn,MA01801-2041Tel:[phone]Fax:[phone]ForinformationonallNewnespublicationsavailable,contactourWorldWideWebhomepageat:finitionofNiMHBatteryCapacity54Li-ionBatteryCapacity58BatteryCapacityTests60EnergyBalancesfortheElectricVehicle64v4ELECTRICVEHICLEBATTERYCHARGING69ChargingaSingleVRLABattery69ChargeCompletionofaSingleVRLABattery69TemperatureCompensationDuringBatteryCharging72ChargingNiMHBatteries74RateofChargeEffectonChargeAcceptanceEfficiencyofTractionBatteryPacks74EnvironmentalInfluencesonCharging80ChargingMethodsforNiMHBatteries81ChargingTechnology87BatteryPackCorrectiveActions915ELECTRICVEHICLEBATTERYFASTCHARGING95TheFastChargingProcess95FastChargingStrategies98TheFastChargerConfiguration101UsingEqualizing/LevelingChargers105InductiveCharging—MakingRechargingEasier111RangeTestingofElectricVehiclesUsingFastCharging113ElectricVehicleSpeedometerCalibration1146ELECTRICVEHICLEBATTERYDISCHARGING115DefinitionofVRLABatteryCapacity117DefinitionofNiMHBatteryCapacity119DischargeCapacityBehavior123DischargeCharacteristicsofLi-ionBattery127DischargeofanElectricVehicleBatteryPack128Cold-WeatherImpactonElectricVehicleBatteryDischarge1307ELECTRICVEHICLEBATTERYPERFORMANCE133TheBatteryPerformanceManagementSystem133BPMSThermalManagementSystem137TheBPMSChargingControl141High-VoltageCablingandDisconnects148SafetyinBatteryDesign150BatteryPackSafety—ElectrolyteSpillageandElectricShock153ChargingTechnology155ElectricalInsulationBreakdownDetection157ElectricalVehicleComponentTests157BuildingStandards159Ventilation159viTABLEOFCONTENTS8TESTINGANDCOMPUTER-BASEDMODELINGOFELECTRICVEHICLEBATTERIES161TestingElectricVehicleBatteries163AcceleratedReliabilityTestingofElectricVehicles167BatteryCycleLifeversusPeakPowerandRestPeriod171SafetyRequirementsforElectricVehicleBatteries188APPENDIXA:FUELCELLPROCESSINGTECHNOLOGYFORTRANSPORTATIONAPPLICATIONS:STATUSANDPROSPECTS191APPENDIXB:VEHICLEBATTERYCHARGINGCHECKLIST/LOG205APPENDIXC:DAY1/2/3RANGEANDCHARGETESTLOG207APPENDIXD:SPEEDOMETERCALIBRATIONTESTDATALOG209APPENDIXE:ELECTRICVEHICLEPERFORMANCETESTSUMMARY211BIBLIOGRAPHY215INDEX221TABLEOFCONTENTSviiACKNOWLEDGMENTSThisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthehelpandsupportofanumberofpeople,andIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallofthem.RobertJacobsforgivingmetheopportunitytoworkwithDaimler-Chrysler.MinSway-TinandJimCeranoforgivingmetheopportunitytobepartoftheEPICelectricvehicle(EV)developmentteam.ThelateSandyCoxforprovidingwithabetterunderstandingofthebehavioroftheEVbatteries,whichledtothefurtherinvestigationoftheformationcharacteristicsoftheEVbatteriesandalsomotivatedmetoauthorapracticalunderstandingofEVbatterydesign.Iwouldalsoliketothankmyfamilyfortheirpatienceandencour-agement—mymother,Anju,andfather,RajeshKumar,mywife,Anita,andmysisterAarti.Iwouldalsoliketothankmyfatherinparticularforprovidingmewiththeideaforthebookdesign.IwouldliketothankOtilioGonzalezforreviewingmymanuscriptpreparationcontractandallthemembersoftheEPICEVteamforprovidingmethemotivationtoauthorthisbook