电动车用高功率密度永磁同步电机热管理系统的研究

硕士学位论文电动车用高功率密度永磁同步电机热管理系统的研究RESEARCHONTHETHERMALMANAGEMENGTOFHIGHPOWERDENSITYPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSMOTORINHEV朱巍2010年6月国内图书分类号：TM351学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：621.3密级：公开工学硕士学位论文电动车用高功率密度永磁同步电机热管理系统的研究硕士研究生：朱巍导师：宋立伟教授申请学位：工学硕士学科：电气工程所在单位：电气工程及自动化学院答辩日期：2010年6月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TM351U.D.C:621.3DissertationfortheMasteralDegreeinEngineeringRESEARCHONTHETHERMALMANAGEMENGTOFHIGHPOWERDENSITYPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSMOTORINHEVCandidate：ZhuWeiSupervisor：Prof.SongLiweiAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：ElectricalEnginneringAffiliation：SchoolofElectricalEngineeringandAutomationDateofDefence：June,2010Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文I摘要随着社会的进步，人们保护环境观念的日益增强推动了电动车事业的迅速发展，由于永磁同步电机具有高效率，低重量等特点，使之被广泛的应用于电动车中。在电动车中，由于永磁同步电机的功率密度大、运行工况复杂、安装空间狭小等原因，导致其损耗大、散热环境恶劣，而过高的温度对电机的安全性和使用寿命都存在着一定的隐患，为了避免这类问题，准确预测电机在不同工况下的内部温度场分布以保证电机的稳定安全运行是非常重要的。首先本文以一台20kW电动车用水冷永磁同步电机为例，运用理论和实验相结合的方法，得出了电机的各部分损耗（热源）。再通过电磁学、传热学和流体力学等相关理论，对此台永磁同步电机进行稳态温度场分析，建立基于等效热网络法的数学模型，列出各节点关于热导、温度和损耗的方程组，解出各点温度值。同时利用有限元数值计算法，在确定热源和边界条件的情况下，对电机的稳态、瞬态的温度情况进行仿真分析。其次，研究了该电机冷却水进出口平均水温、冷却水的流速以及机壳的水路形状对电机温度分布梯度的影响，为设计优化提供了参考。最后讨论了温升对永磁同步电机输出效率的影响，同时搭建了电机试验平台，采用测量阻值法和检温计法两种测试方法对这台电机运行在不同工作点上的温升进行了测试，并与仿真结果进行了对比，验证了温度场计算模型的合理性和正确性，为电动车用永磁同步电机温度场分析提供计算方法和理论参考。关键词电动车；永磁同步电机；温度场；水冷；损耗哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文IIAbstractWiththeprogressofsociety,thegrowingoftheconceptionofprotectingenvironmentalispushingtherapiddevelopmentontheelectricvehicle,Electricvehiclestookafancytopermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorwithitshighefficiency,lowweight,andnowadaysPMSMiswidelyusedinelectriccar.Permanentmagnetsynchronousmotorwillinevitablyleadtopoorthermalenvironment,heatproductionormoreproblemduetoitshighpower,highspeedbutsmallinstallationspace.Thehightemperatureofthemotorwillcauseahiddendangersintheelectricvehicles.Inordertoavoidsuchproblems,toaccuratelypredicttheinternalmotorunderdifferentconditionsoftemperaturedistributiontoensurethesafeoperationofmotorstabilityisveryimportant.Thispaperisbasedona20kWelectricmotorcooledpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorfirstlytocalculatethevariouspartsofthemotorloss(heat)withusingthecombinationoftheoreticalandexperimentalmethods.Thesteadystatetemperaturefieldofthepermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorisanalysedbyelectromagnetics,heattransferandfluidmechanics,andinterdisciplinar,whichisusedtheequivalentthermalnetworkmethodtoitsmathematicalmodel.Atthesametime,bymeansofsimulationsoftware,thispaperprovidesafiniteelementmethodtocalculatethemotorsteady-stateandtransientsimulationtemperaturewithacertainheatsourceandboundaryconditionsaddedon.Thenthispaperdiscussestheimportandexportoftheaveragetemperatureofcoolingwater,thewaterflowrateandtheshapeofthemotorcasetemperaturedistributiongradient,alsoprovidesthereferenceforthedesignoptimization.Finallytheinfluenceofthetemperaturetothepermanentmagnetsynchronousmotoroutputefficiencyisdiscussedandamotortestplatformisbuilttotestthetemperaturewhenthemotorsrunatdifferentoperatingpointsbythesetwomothods.Thesimulationresultsarecompared,itshowsthatthecalculatedtemperaturefieldmodelisreasonableandcorrectforthetemperaturefieldanalysiswhichprovidesthereferenceforthedesignedoptimization.KeywordsHEV;PMSM;thermalfield;water-cooling;lossesanalysis哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文1目录摘要........................................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................................II第1章绪论................................................................................................................11.1课题来源及研究的目的和意义.......................................................................11.2国内外研究现状...............................................................................................11.2.1温升计算方法国内外发展概况.................................................................11.2.2永磁同步电机冷却技术的发展................................................................31.3课题主要研究内容...........................................................................................4第2章电机的热模型的建立及计算分析................................................................62.1永磁同步电机的热源.......................................................................................62.1.1热源的分布................................................................................................62.1.2热源的计算方法研究................................................................................62.2永磁同步电机稳态温度场.............................................................................102.2.1等效热网络法的分析与计算..................................................................112.2.2有限元法的分析与计算..........................................................................182.3永磁同步电机暂态温度场.............................................................................242.3.1铜耗动态变化的计算..............................................................................242.3.2换热系数的计算....................................................................................