2011年考研英语核心词汇真题语境详解上

Aabandon★构词a不+ban禁止+don给予→不禁止给出去→放弃vt.1.giveupcompletely放弃2.forsake，desert遗弃,丢弃3.yieldcompletelyto放肆,放纵;沉湎于n.freedomfromworryorinhibitions放肆;放纵;尽情;任意真题连线2001Passage5Abandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”,andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。absolute★构词ab不+solute松开→决不松开→绝对的a.1.complete;total绝对的;完全的,纯粹的,确实的2.unrestricted;unlimited;unqualified无条件的,不受限制的3.havingunlimitedpower专制的,独断的4.certain;undoubted确实的,肯定的真题连线2001Passage5MyexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了绝对的现实。absorb★构词ab表强调+sorb吸→吸引vt.1.totakesthinthrough吸收2.includesth/sbaspartof;mergewith并吞3.holdtheinterestofsbfully使(精神)贯注习惯用语beabsorbedby被…吞并,为…所吸收beabsorbedin全神贯注在…,一心从事,热衷于absorbsb.’sattention吸引某人注意真题连线2007PartCSharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.通过并运用法律来提高判断能力是一名新闻记者为其职业生涯做好知识准备的一个重要组成部分。absorbed★构词ab.表强调+sorb吸+ed形容词后缀→被吸引的→全神贯注的;专心的a.whollyinvolvedoroccupied;engrossed热衷的，专注的真题连线2006Text1Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatofferedvastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.人们被一种消费文化所吸引，这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起的。abstract★构词abs离开+tract拉，拖→拉出，抽a.1.existinginthoughtbutnothavingpractical抽象的;理论上的,不现实的2.difficulttounderstand;深奥的;难以理解的vt.1.totakeaway;remove抽取;拿走2.tosummarize;概括;归纳n.摘要，梗概链接abstracteda.心不在焉的abstractionn.提取习惯用语intheabstract抽象地,观念上,理论上;makeanabstractof把…的要点摘录下来真题连线2003英译汉Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture”,liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。abundant★构词ab表强调+und波动+ant形容词后缀→多得象波浪一样→丰富的a.plentiful大量的，充足的，丰富的习惯用语abundantin富于…;…很丰富真题连线2005Text1Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.不公平而引起的愤怒感似乎不是人类的专利。拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其它成员。abuse★构词ab偏离+use用→偏离正常使用→滥用v.1.tousewronglyorimproperly;misuse乱用，滥用2.tohurtorinjurebymaltreatment虐待，伤害n.1.improperuseorhandling;misuse误用;恶习2.physicalmaltreatment虐待，伤害真题连线1997Passage3Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.他们常用“物质滥用”而不用“药物滥用”来清楚表明滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害。accelerate★构词ac表方向+celer快，速+ate动词后缀→加速vt.1.toincreasethespeedof加速，促进，加快…的速度2.causetooccursoonerthanexpected使比预期发生的要早链接accelerationn.加速，增速真题连线2001英译汉AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist，IanPearson，theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1000years)，whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.根据英国电讯公司的未来学家伊恩·皮尔逊的看法，上述种种科研成就均属新千年的最初几十年内的开发项目之列，届时超级计算机将大大加快人类生活各个领域里的进步。access★构词ac表方向+cess走过去→接近n.1.meansofapproachingorentering(aplace)(接近或进入某地的)方法;通路;入口2.opportunityorrighttousesthorapproachsb接近某人的机会或权利;到达，享有权v.存取真题连线2008Text2TheInternet—andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernmentccesstoit—ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.网络——连同来自于投资机构的压力，他们质疑为什么商业出版商通过限制人们的使用来从政府资助的科学研究中获利——使免费接触到科学成果成为一个现实。accessible★构词access+ible形容词后缀→可接近的a.1.easilyapproachedorentered易接近的，易进入的2.easilyobtained易得到的3.easytotalktoorgetalongwith易相处的真题连线2002英译汉Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood，however，effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind，feelings，andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions.然而，由于人(生物)和环境之间的相互作用已经逐渐被人们所认识，所以现在正开始从已知的环境去寻找一度认为是心态、情感和性格特征所造成的影响其根源所在。accommodation★构词ac表强调+com共同+mod方式，模式，风度+ion名词后缀→住处,膳宿n.1.theactofaccommodatingorthestateofbeingaccommodated;adjustment适应2.somethingthatmeetsaneed;aconvenience.方便，方便设施3.aseat,compartment,orroomonapublicvehicle.座位，车厢，房间习惯用语cometoanaccommodation达到和解,达到妥协真题连线2002Text1Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。accomplish★构词ac表强调+com共同+pli满，填满+ish动词后缀→全部弄满→完成vt.toreachtheendof;complete达到终点;完成;实现(计划)真题连线2009PartCTheneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaccomplishachangeintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofaccount.显而易见，这需要培训;而且急需改变态度和习惯，这是我们不得不考虑的后果。accord★构词ac表强调+cord心脏→一致v.1.tocausetoconformoragree;bringintoharmony.使符合，使同意;使和谐2.togrant,especiallyasbeingdueorappropriate授予，尤其是应该或恰当地n.符合，一致习惯用语inaccordwith与…一致,与…契合(指见解,观点等);ofone’sownaccord自愿地,主动地outofaccord(with)(同…)不一致;(跟…)不调和;accordwith与…一致,与…相符真题连线2004Text4Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.按照霍夫斯塔特的观点，才学不同于天生的智力，它是一种我们不太情愿去赞赏的品质。accountant▲构词ac表强调+count计数+ant人→会计n.会计人员，会计师真题连线1999Passage3Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.然而，去臆断科学家、商人、会计职位的数量是武断的。accumulate▲构词ac表强调+cumul堆积+ate→堆积起来→积累v.grad