14200ta膨化硝铵炸药工艺设计

课程设计说明书题目：14200t/a膨化硝铵炸药工艺设计课程名称：工业炸药生产技术课程设计专业：特种能源技术与工程学号：12602110姓名：石同学指导教师：李有良能源与水利学院沈阳工学院课程设计说明书2015年6月沈阳工学院课程设计说明书I摘要近年来，膨化硝铵炸药以其优良的爆炸性能得到了广泛的推广应用，但其生产工艺复杂，膨化硝铵炸药是一种新型无梯粉状炸药，它是由膨化硝酸铵、木粉和复合油相组成，其中膨化硝酸铵是经过表面活性技术处理的自敏化改性硝酸铵。文中介绍了岩石膨化硝铵炸药的生产工艺，详细讨论了影响膨化硝酸铵质量和岩石膨化硝铵炸药质量的因素。采用硝酸铵与水、复合蜡、复合添加剂混合制成温度为105℃～110℃的溶液，将这种混合液在真空度为-0.07～-0.09MPa压力下脱水干燥制粉,得到一种粉状膨化硝铵炸药；通过对炸药进行微观结构和性能测试，结果表明，该炸药生产工艺简单，各组份混合均匀性好，炸药的安全性能和爆炸性能优良。关键词：膨化硝酸铵；膨化硝铵炸药；工业炸药；生产工艺；复合蜡沈阳工学院课程设计说明书IIAbstractInrecentyears,expandedammoniumnitrateexplosivewithitsexcellentexplosionpropertyithasbeenusedwidely,butitsproductionprocesscomplex,expandedammoniumnitrateexplosiveisanewtypeofnoladderpowderexplosive,itisbytheexpandedammoniumnitrate,woodpowderandcompositeoilphasecomposition,whichexpandedammoniumnitrateisthroughthesurfacetreatmentoftheactivitytechnologysincesensitizationmodifiedammoniumnitrate.Thispaperintroducestherockexpandedammoniumnitrateexplosiveproductiontechnology,discussestheinfluenceandtherockqualityexpandedanexpandedammoniumnitrateexplosivequalityfactors.Usingammoniumnitrateandwater,compositewax,compoundadditivesmixes℃temperatureof105~110℃solution,willthismixtureinthevacuumfor0.07~0.09MPapressuredehydrationdrypowder,getanexpandedammoniumnitrateexplosivepowder;Throughtotheexplosivesonmicrostructureandperformancetesting,theresultsshowthattheexplosiveproductionprocesssimple,mixthecomponentsgooduniformity,thesafetyperformanceoftheexplosivesandexplosionexcellentperformance.Keywords：expandedammoniumnitrate;Expandedammoniumnitrateexplosive;Industrialexplosives;Productionprocess;Compositewax沈阳工学院课程设计说明书III目录摘要...................................................................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................................................................II绪论...................................................................................................................................................11膨化硝铵的设计思想和技术途径...............................................................................................21.1定义.....................................................................................................................................21.2设计思想和技术途径........................................................................................................22基本特点和技术水平....................................................................................................................32.1膨化硝酸铵的特点............................................................................................................32.2膨化硝铵炸药的优点........................................................................................................32.3膨化硝铵炸药的技术水平................................................................................................33膨化硝铵炸药的组成结构...........................................................................................................63.1膨化硝铵炸药的组成特点................................................................................................63.2膨化硝铵炸药的结构特点................................................................................................64膨化硝酸铵的制备工艺...............................................................................................................74.1膨化设备简介:...................................................................................................................74.2工艺条件优化的依据......................................................................................................104.3制备工艺条件的优化......................................................................................................105膨化硝铵炸药生产工艺.............................................................................................................125.1原料的配比组成..............................................................................................................125.2膨化硝铵炸药的生产工艺过程与条件.........................................................................125.3硝酸铵的膨化...................................................................................................................135.4膨化硝铵炸药的混合过程和原理.................................................................................175.5使用设备及工作量.........................................................................................................185.6主要生产设备选择.........................................................................................................196总结...............................................................................................................................................207参考文献......................................................................................................................................21沈阳工学院课程设计说明书1绪论由于梯恩梯具有较好的爆轰性能和物理化学安定性，二十世纪以来，一直被工业粉状硝铵炸药视为主要敏化剂。但是，梯恩梯毒性较大，可从呼吸道、消化道或皮肤侵入人体，损害肝脏、造血系统和造成白内障，使人的视力减退，严重者可引起失明，而且梯恩梯对环境污染严重，生产安全性较差。象美国、加拿大等科学技术比较发达的国家，已经停止工业粉状铵梯炸药的生产，俄罗斯、东欧及日本等国含梯恩梯工业