2009年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案

2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?AlongBeverlastingCtemporaryDboring2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.AdamagedBshakenCfallenDjumped3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.AfaithfulBroyalCsincereDgenuine4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.AsimplicityBattractionCpowerDrigor5Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.AmistBfogCsecretDmystery6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,AtroubledBannoyedCthreatenedDaroused7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.AborrowedBpurchasedCcopiedDrewritten8TheemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearchAencouragedBfastenedCraisedDinitiated9WehaveamplemoneyforthejourneyAsomeBlittleCenoughDextra10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.AmiraclesBpatientsCillnessDrecovery11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.AendlessBmonotonousCseriousDbitter12ItwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatmentAoldBunforgettableCunfairDfunny13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.AorderBfollowCproveDhandle14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.AemptyBhairlessCsmoothDbare15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.AexpressionsBwarningsCadvertisementsDinstructions第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Water-theIssueofThisCenturyTheworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.PopulationsaregrowingbiggerandThirstier（渴的),withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce(缺乏).Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury,whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation,concentratedinAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsia,willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025,puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries(渔业)areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits,andhalftheworld'scoralreefs(珊瑚礁)mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities,theBanksays.Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly,andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions(制度)changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents(征兆)aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia,Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater,afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable,ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan,andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers(蓄水层)-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Chimpanzees1Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)willsoonbeextinct(灭绝).Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat(栖息地)destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy(悲剧).Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications(含意)forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes(基因组)matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority(优先).Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard(王牌)comesinth