托福听力Unit-8

TOEFL听力艺术类话题长演讲学科内容类（四）艺术类•Literature13%•Music4%•Arthistory2%•Photography&film2%•Crafts1%Literature•Literature,(fromLatinlitteraletter),istheartofwrittenworks.Literallytranslated,thewordmeansacquaintancewithletters(asintheArtsandLetters).InWesternculturethemostbasicwrittenliterarytypesincludefictionandnonfiction.•Peoplesometimesperceiveadifferencebetweenliteratureandsomepopularformsofwrittenwork.Thetermsliteraryfictionandliterarymeritservetodistinguishbetweenindividualworks.Criticsmayexcludeworksfromtheclassificationliterature,forexample,onthegroundsofapoorstandardofgrammarandsyntax,ofanunbelievableordisjointedstory-line,orofinconsistentorunconvincingcharacters.Genrefiction(forexample:romance,crime,orsciencefiction)mayalsobecomeexcludedfromconsiderationasliterature.•Inscientificandotherstrictlyfactualwriting,theliteratureofthesubjectisthewholebodyofwritingsaboutthesubject.LiteratureFiction:•Absurdistfiction•Adventurenovel•Children’sliterature•Comicnovel•Educationfiction•Experimentalfiction•Eroticfiction•Historicalfiction•Memoir•Politicalfiction•Religiousfiction•Familysaga•Speculativefiction•Horror•FantasyNonfiction:•Biography•Diariesandjournals•Eroticliterature•Essay,Treatise•Fable,fairytale,folklore•History•Letter•Religioustext•ProverbsExercise–LG305•本篇材料通过一个作品来描述一个文学种类•词汇：genre,portray,storyline,incident,leaveout,omit,composite,bothersome,appropriate,forthesakeof,autobiographyMusicProduction:•Composition•Notation,score•Improvisation•Pitch•Melody•Harmony•Rhythm•Tempo•Articulation•Dynamics•Timbre•TextureMusicalensembles:•Choir•Marchingband•Concertband•Jazzquintet•OrchestraMusicInstrument:•flute•Violin,viola,cello•sopranosaxophone•trumpet•clarinet•oboe•piccolo•altosaxophone•altoflute•Horn•Guitar•Piano•DrumMusicstyles:•Opera•Classical•Folk•Pop•Rockandroll•Jazz•Rhythm&Blues•Country•Hiphop•Electronics•HeavymetalExercise–DT492•本篇材料描述的是一种音乐教育方法•词汇：distraction,naturalvsnurtured,notation,score,cooperative,transform,chord,successiveExercise-LG401•本篇听力材料描述的是一个乐器的由来的发展变化•词汇：trumpet,oblong,loop,piston,valve,mutation,hollow,bronze,brass,undergo,extensive,caneplant,horn,tusk,slide,trombone,ceremonial,herald,personage,resonant,ornamentation,rite,battle,charge,exhort,troop,versatile,sufficeArtHistory•Paleolithicart:sculpture,cavepainting,rockpainting•Medievalart:goldbackgroundpainting,glassinmosaics•Renaissanceart:realisticdepictionofthematerialworld,humanbody,graphicalperspective,threedimensionalpicture•AgeofEnlightenment:academicart,symbolism,impressionism,favism•20thcentury:expressionism,cubism,dadaism,surrealism,Exercise–OG382T2T53•本篇听力材料讲述的是巨型雕塑意义•词汇：colossalstatue,MountRushmore,veryfabricofsociety,unraveling,erode,clamor,endurance,prominence,permanence,U.S.Ideals,loftier,plaque,pedestal,tributeExercise–DT548•本篇材料讲述的是一种艺术风格的产生和发展•词汇：influential,crude,barbaric,distinctive,proclaim,maple,accompany,sketch,socialize,patron,tragically,drown,capture,essence,bleak,somber,outcropping,uninhabited,critics,intensity,violently,abstractionPhotography&film•Photographyistheprocess,activityandartofcreatingstillormovingpicturesbyrecordingradiationonaradiation-sensitivemedium,suchasaphotographicfilm,oranelectronicsensor.Lightpatternsreflectedoremittedfromobjectsactivateasensitivechemicalorelectronicsensorduringatimedexposure,usuallythroughaphotographiclensinadeviceknownasacamerathatalsostorestheresultinginformationchemicallyorelectronically.Photographyhasmanyusesforbusiness,science,art,andrecreationalpurposes.Exercise–DT517•本篇材料讲述的电影的发展•词汇：decade,establish,medium,intellectuals,texture,systematic,framing,edit,coherent,stylistic,artistry,bandit,unaware,heighten,dramatic,analytical,convey,subtlechangeCrafts•Acraftisaskill,especiallyinvolvingpracticalarts.Itmayrefertoatradeorparticularart.•Thetermisoftenusedaspartofalongerword(andalsointheplural).Forexample,acraft-brotherisafellowworkerinaparticulartradeandacraft-guildis,historically,aguildofworkersinthesametrade.Thetermisoftenusedtodescribethefamilyofartisticpracticeswithinthedecorativeartsthattraditionallyaredefinedbytheirrelationshiptofunctionalorutilitarianproducts(suchassculpturalformsinthevesseltradition)orbytheiruseofsuchnaturalmediaaswood,clay,glass,textiles,andmetal.Craftspracticedbyindependentartistsworkingaloneorinsmallgroupsareoftenreferredtoasstudiocraft.Studiocraftincludesstudiopottery,metalwork,weaving,woodturningandotherformsofwoodworking,glassblowing,andglassart.Exercise–LG337•本篇听力材料讲述的是一种宝石切割工艺•词汇：gem,cabochon,facet,powder,diamond,polish,gemstone,pyramid,triangular,beneficial,proportion,reflective考前小贴士1.考前3天：模考，回顾问题，加试机经，调整心情，保持状态2.出门前：证件，考试确认信，黑色签字笔，听课笔记，口试美文，矿泉水，巧克力，注意饮食，行程路线3.等待：朗读美文/听歌，少与人聊天,放松心情4.备考：填写誓词，SeetheJohn5.排队：尽量排3～5位6.进场：照相（证件，座位号），存包（水，纸巾），告诉监考老师座位号7.入座：先写模板（别写满），再continue8.试话音：别急！调整好再开始。9.考试：每做完一篇休息一下10.完成：Review!保证做完题目11.中场休息（10分钟）：不做第一，偷听口试题•9.6惨案•听力阅读–忘记机经•相信自己，相信直觉